scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Bone Marrow Cell Morphology in Visceral Leishmaniasis-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHULAN SHI ◽  
HENG ZHAO ◽  
MINGBIAO MA ◽  
XIAOJUAN LI ◽  
JI XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Hemophagocytic Syndrome ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Background: Visceral leishmaniasis related-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (VL-HLH) is a hemophagocytic syndrome caused by Leishmania infection. VL-HLH is rare, especially in nonendemic areas where the disease is severe, and mortality rates are high. The key to diagnosing VL-HLH is to find the pathogen; therefore, the Leishmania must be accurately identified for timely clinical treatment.Case presentationWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, laboratory examination results and bone marrow cell morphology of two children with VL-HLH diagnosed via bone marrow cell morphology between July 2017 and January 2021 at Kunming Children’s Hospital of Yunnan, China.Two cases suspected of having malignant tumors at other hospitals and who had undergone ineffective long-term treatment were transferred to Kunming Children’s Hospital. They had repeated fevers, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypofibrinogenemia over a long period and met the HLH-2004 standard. Their HLH genetic test results were negative, and primary HLH was excluded. Both children underwent chemotherapy as per the HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimen , but it was ineffective and accompanied by serious infections. We found Leishmania amastigotes in their bone marrow via morphological examination of their bone marrow cells, which showed hemophagocytic cells; thus, the children were diagnosed with VL-HLH. After being transferred to a specialty hospital for treatment, the condition was well-controlled. Conclusion: Morphological examination of the bone marrow cells played an important role in diagnosing VL-HLH. When clinically diagnosing secondary HLH, VL-HLH should be considered in addition to common pathogens, especially in patients for whom HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimens are ineffective. For infants and young children, bone marrow cytology examinations should be performed several times and as early as possible to find the pathogens to reduce potential misdiagnoses.

scholarly journals The effect of a bone marrow-derived immunostimulatory preparation on the immunity of broiler chickens vaccinated against salmonellosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
N Mandro ◽  
YA Kopeikin ◽  
ZA Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Marrow Cells

The use of bone marrow-derived immunostimulants is a promising direction in poultry production. The objective of this research was to study the effect of introducing a bone marrow cell protein formulation on the immunity of chickens vaccinated against salmonellosis. According to the principle of analogues, a control and two experimental groups of chickens were formed with 20 heads each (in total 60 individuals). To Group 1 birds, a protein preparation from bovine bone marrow cells was administered with feed by irrigation with 10% suspension in physiological saline at a rate of 0.2 ml per head once per day from the first day of life for three days. In Group 2, the drug was administered once, on day 1, at a rate of 0.2 ml per head. Control chickens were injected with saline in the same volumes. All chickens were vaccinated against salmonellosis. Blood for analysis of cellular, biochemical and humoral indicators was taken on days 7 and 14 of bird life. The use of the bone marrow cell-derived protein preparation resulted in higher values in the blood of chickens of Groups 1 and 2, respectively, by day 14 of age in comparison with controls as follows: erythrocytes (15.51% and 22.28%) and leukocytes (3.93% and 3.70%), T- and B- lymphocytes (67.5% and 69.16%; 23.24% and 23.75%), neutrophil phagocytic activity (10.14% and 25.36%) and phagocytic index (17.25% and 18.74%), bactericidal (13.32% and 20.25%) and lysozyme activity (23.88% and 24.41%), total protein (13.23% and 14.21%), immunoglobulins (19.59% and 20.76%), specific antibody titre (47.50% and 51.25%). Our study confirms the suitability of using bone marrow-derived protein preparations in poultry production. In practical terms, our study has particular importance for the development and implementation of preparations based on proteins of bone marrow cells.

Design and rationale of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study for autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in critical limb ischemia: the BONe Marrow Outcomes Trial in Critical Limb Ischemia (BONMOT-CLI)

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amann ◽  
Lüdemann ◽  
Rückert ◽  
Lawall ◽  
Liesenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Critical Limb Ischemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Major Amputation ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Marrow Cells

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end-stage of peripheral artery disease. Only about two thirds of patients with CLI can be revascularised, one third progresses to leg amputation with high associated morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic angiogenesis with bone marrow cells has shown promising improvement in less severe stages of peripheral ischemia. Our study evaluates the therapeutic value of bone marrow cell induced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in severe, limb-threatening ischemia. Patients and methods: the BONe Marrow Outcome Trial in Critical Limb Ischemia (BONMOT-CLI) is a investigator-initiated, double-blinded, 1:1 randomized, placebo-controlled multi-centre study at 4 sites in Germany. Only patients with no option for revascularisation or after failed revascularisation will be included. A total of 90 patients is to be included. One arm with 45 subjects will be treated with a concentrate of autologous bone marrow cells which will be injected at 40 sites into the ischemic limb. In the placebo arm, study subjects will undergo a sham bone marrow punction and 40 saline injections. At three months, a combined primary endpoint of major amputation or persisting critical limb ischemia (no clinical or perfusion improvement) will be evaluated. Secondary endpoints are death, changes in perfusion, quality of life, walking distance, minor amputations, wound healing, collateral density and cancer incidence. Post-study follow-up is up to two years. Conclusions: The results of this first randomized placebo-controlled trial for autologous bone marrow cell therapy in CLI will clarify the value of this new therapeutic modality in a patient population with no other alternatives except major amputation.

scholarly journals Bone marrow cell count per cubic millimeter bone marrow: a new parameter for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction in acute leukemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hiddemann ◽  
BD Clarkson ◽  
T Buchner ◽  
MR Melamed ◽  
M Andreeff
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract A new technique is introduced for determining the number of bone marrow cells per cubic millimeter marrow, providing an accurate and objective means for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction. The method requires a correction for admixed peripheral blood in bone marrow aspirates to measure the fraction of remaining pure marrow. While cell kinetic differences between blood, aspirates, and biopsies identify the proportion of contaminating blood cells, the ratio of red cell hematocrits in blood and aspirate gives the volume of trapped blood. By combining both procedures, bone marrow cell counts per unit volume pure marrow result (BMC/cu mm BM), which were found highly reproducible. Blast cell counts (BMBC/cu mm BM) were obtained by additional morphological differentiation. BMC and BMBC/cu mm BM were monitored in 16 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia treated with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine in combination and in 4 patients with end-stage acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas during high-dose thymidine therapy. Total and daily therapy- induced cytoreduction rates were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in responders than nonresponders to either regimen. Changes in BMC/cu mm BM were also found representative for changes in BMBC/cu mm BM, since the majority of bone marrow cells were blasts. In acute leukemia. BMC/cu mm BM thus provides accurate and objective measurements of treatment efficacy in vivo and after short periods of drug exposure. Differences in cytoreduction rates within the group of responders also suggest possible prognostic implications.

Effects of Cyclic Pressure on Bone Marrow Cell Cultures

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nagatomi ◽  
Bernard P. Arulanandam ◽  
Dennis W. Metzger ◽  
Alain Meunier ◽  
Rena Bizios
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Osteoclastic Bone Resorption ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Marrow Cells

The present in-vitro study used bone marrow cell cultures and investigated the effects of cyclic pressure on osteoclastic bone resorption. Compared to control (cells maintained under static conditions), the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, osteoclastic cells was significantly p<0.05 lower when, immediately upon harvesting, bone marrow cells were exposed to cyclic pressure (10–40 kPa at 1.0 Hz). In contrast, once precursors in bone marrow cells differentiated into osteoclastic cells under static culture conditions for 7 days, subsequent exposure to the cyclic pressure of interest to the present study did not affect the number of osteoclastic cells. Most important, exposure of bone marrow cells to cyclic pressure for 1 h daily for 7 consecutive days resulted in significantly p<0.05 lower osteoclastic bone resorption and in lowered mRNA expression for interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cytokines that are known activators of osteoclast function. In addition to unique contributions to osteoclast physiology, the present study provided new evidence of a correlation between mechanical loading and bone homeostasis as well as insight into the molecular mechanisms of bone adaptation to mechanical loading, namely cytokine-mediated control of osteoclast functions.

scholarly journals Bone marrow cell count per cubic millimeter bone marrow: a new parameter for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction in acute leukemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hiddemann ◽  
BD Clarkson ◽  
T Buchner ◽  
MR Melamed ◽  
M Andreeff
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Marrow Cells

A new technique is introduced for determining the number of bone marrow cells per cubic millimeter marrow, providing an accurate and objective means for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction. The method requires a correction for admixed peripheral blood in bone marrow aspirates to measure the fraction of remaining pure marrow. While cell kinetic differences between blood, aspirates, and biopsies identify the proportion of contaminating blood cells, the ratio of red cell hematocrits in blood and aspirate gives the volume of trapped blood. By combining both procedures, bone marrow cell counts per unit volume pure marrow result (BMC/cu mm BM), which were found highly reproducible. Blast cell counts (BMBC/cu mm BM) were obtained by additional morphological differentiation. BMC and BMBC/cu mm BM were monitored in 16 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia treated with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine in combination and in 4 patients with end-stage acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas during high-dose thymidine therapy. Total and daily therapy- induced cytoreduction rates were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in responders than nonresponders to either regimen. Changes in BMC/cu mm BM were also found representative for changes in BMBC/cu mm BM, since the majority of bone marrow cells were blasts. In acute leukemia. BMC/cu mm BM thus provides accurate and objective measurements of treatment efficacy in vivo and after short periods of drug exposure. Differences in cytoreduction rates within the group of responders also suggest possible prognostic implications.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Fe59 Uptake as a Function of Bone Marrow Dose Injected in Lethally Irradiated Mice

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE S. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Dose ◽  
Bone Marrow Doses ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Rat Bone ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract The relation between bone marrow cell dose and 24-hour erythrocyte Fe59 uptake has been established in lethally irradiated mice. Erythrocyte Fe59 uptake is a function of the dose of bone marrow cells and of the time after irradiation at which Fe59 is injected. By choosing appropriate bone marrow doses and times of Fe59 injection, the range of cell doses between 5 x 105 and 2 x 107 has been explored. The relation between cell dose and Fe59 uptake is linear for Fe59 uptakes between 0 to 30 per cent. The steepest line relating Fe59 uptake to cell dose is that obtained when Fe59 was injected at day 9 and covers the range of 5 X 104 to 5 X 105 cells. The curve obtained when iron is injected on day 5 is much flatter and covers the range of 1 x 106 to 2 x 107 cells. Erythropoiesis stimulating factor (ESF) in doses that stimulate erythrocyte Fe59 uptake in normal mice has no effect in irradiated, bone marrow-treated mice. Homologous marrow is slightly less effective, and rat bone marrow markedly (∼ 100 times) less effective in promoting recovery of erythropoieis. The erythrocyte Fe59 uptake of mice preimmunized with homologous or rat marrow before irradiation is much lower than that of nonpreimmunized animals.

scholarly journals Shifts in bone marrow cell phenotypes caused by spaceflight

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Ortega ◽  
Michael J. Pecaut ◽  
Daila S. Gridley ◽  
Louis S. Stodieck ◽  
Virginia Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Immune Resistance ◽  
Marrow Cells

Bone marrow cells were isolated from the humeri of C57BL/6 mice after a 13-day flight on the space shuttle Space Transportation System (STS)-118 to determine how spaceflight affects differentiation of cells in the granulocytic lineage. We used flow cytometry to assess the expression of molecules that define the maturation/activation state of cells in the granulocytic lineage on three bone marrow cell subpopulations. These molecules included Ly6C, CD11b, CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), Ly6G (Gr-1), F4/80, CD44, and c-Fos. The three subpopulations were small agranular cells [region (R)1], larger granular cells (R2), which were mostly neutrophils, and very large, very granular cells (R3), which had properties of macrophages. Although there were no composite phenotypic differences between total bone marrow cells isolated from spaceflight and ground-control mice, there were subpopulation differences in Ly6C (R1 and R3), CD11b (R2), CD31 (R1, R2, and R3), Ly6G (R3), F4/80 (R3), CD44high(R3), and c-Fos (R1, R2, and R3). In particular, the elevation of CD11b in the R2 subpopulation suggests neutrophil activation in response to landing. In addition, decreases in Ly6C, c-Fos, CD44high, and Ly6G and an increase in F4/80 suggest that the cells in the bone marrow R3 subpopulation of spaceflight mice were more differentiated compared with ground-control mice. The presence of more differentiated cells may not pose an immediate risk to immune resistance. However, the reduction in less differentiated cells may forebode future consequences for macrophage production and host defenses. This is of particular importance to considerations of future long-term spaceflights.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE FOOD ADDITIVE E407A ON THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CELL CULTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
A.S. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
V.Yu. Prokopiuk ◽  
A.I. Onishchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Objectives. To study the effects of various concentrations of the food additive E407a (semi-refined carrageenan) on the metabolic activity of fetal liver cells, splenocytes, and bone marrow cells. Material and methods. Fetal liver, splenocytes and bone marrow cell cultures were incubated with the food additive E407a at concentrations varying from 0 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml for 24 hours (n=8). To analyze the effects of this food additive on the metabolic activity of cells, a colorimetric MTT assay was used. It is based on the ability of viable, metabolically active cells to convert 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide into formazan. The data were statistically processed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s criteria. Results. The bone marrow cell culture was found to be the most sensitive to carrageenan. More than a twofold statistically significant (p<0.0001) increase in the metabolic activity of bone marrow cells was observed when using E407a from 200 μg/ml and above. The metabolic activity of splenocytes increased approximately 1.5 times and over (p<0.0001) when using carrageenans at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and higher. Fetal liver cells turned out to be the most resistant to the direct toxic effect of the food additive E407a. Conclusions. The food additive E407a is cytotoxic to bone marrow cells and splenocytes at concentrations of 200 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, respectively.

An Essential Role for NF-κB in Human CD34+ Bone Marrow Cell Survival

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3302-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Pyatt ◽  
Wayne S. Stillman ◽  
Yanzhu Yang ◽  
Sherilyn Gross ◽  
Jia hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Marrow Cells

The transcription factor, NF-κB, is important for T-cell activation, B-cell maturation, and human immunodeficiency virus transcription and plays a role in alternatively mediating and protecting against apoptosis in a variety of cell types. However, a role for NF-κB in human CD34+ bone marrow cells has not been described. We provide evidence here that virtually all human CD34+ bone marrow cells express NF-κB that can be activated by exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and a variety of cytokines, eg, tumor necrosis factor , interleukin-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In addition, we demonstrate that NF-κB may be required for human CD34+bone marrow cell clonogenic function and survival. These results offer insight into a new role for NF-κB in maintaining survival and function in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and suggest that proposed strategies involving inhibition of NF-κB activation as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy should be approached with caution.

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