scholarly journals Trend of Obesity in The United States During a Decade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mirahmadizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Aryaie ◽  
Zahra Gheibi ◽  
Shahryar Zeighami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
High Risk Factor

Abstract Background and objectiveWhile obesity prevalence in the United States has increased considerably, its impact on factors such as mortality, comorbidity, and cost have not been extensively analyzed in hospitalized patients. Detailed information on the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among inpatients may help in developing health care policies aimed at reducing mortality, comorbidity, and cost.MethodsIn this study, data for analysis of inpatient discharges from 2005 to 2015 were obtained from the Health Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater is defined as obesity. Descriptive analysis includes trends of obesity by sex, race, region, location and payer. To classify magnitude of association between obesity and comorbidities, we classified prevalence ratio (PR) to high risk factor (PR≥1.5), low risk factor (PR= <1.5-1.25), null (<1.25->0.8) and preventive factor (PR<0.8) based on expert epidemiologists opinion. Results During the study period we reviewed 82,618,702 discharges with 6,705,774 obesity for a rate of 8.11%. The percent of obese discharges increased from 4.6% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2015. In all subgroup variables, there was a substantial difference between obesity and non-obesity in hospital patients. Data indicated females had a higher prevalence of hospital discharges with obesity, compared to males. Moreover, Black race had the highest percentage and Asian or Pacific Islander is the lowest in this trend. ConclusionWhile obesity prevalence in the United States population has slowly increased, there has been a more marked increase in obese patients in the hospital.

Strength of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Carotid Artery

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lawlor ◽  
Eamon Kavanagh ◽  
Pierce Grace ◽  
Tim McGloughlin ◽  
Michael Walsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carotid Angioplasty ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting ◽  
Carotid Angioplasty And Stenting

Atherosclerotic disease in the carotid artery is a high risk factor for stroke. Stroke is the third-leading cause of death, constituting approximately 700,000 cases each year in the United States [1]. The susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque to rupture during the carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) procedure [2] makes it necessary to determine the force the plaque can withstand without the risk of embolisation.

You’re Fired! Donald Trump and the 2020 Congressional Elections

The Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-650
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Carson ◽  
Spencer Hardin ◽  
Aaron A. Hitefield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
General Election ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract The 2020 elections brought to an end one of the most divisive and historic campaigns in the modern era. Former Vice President Joe Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States with the largest number of votes ever cast in a presidential election, defeating incumbent President Donald Trump in the process. The record turnout was especially remarkable in light of the ongoing pandemic surrounding COVID-19 and the roughly 236,000 Americans who had died of the virus prior to the election. This article examines the electoral context of the 2020 elections focusing on elections in both the House and Senate. More specifically, this article examines the candidates, electoral conditions, trends, and outcomes in the primaries as well as the general election. In doing so, we provide a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the climate and outcome of the 2020 congressional elections. Finally, the article closes with a discussion of the broader implications of the election outcomes on both the incoming 117th Congress as well as the upcoming 2022 midterm election.

Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽  
Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

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