scholarly journals NOTCHING TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE BRANCHING OF YOUNG APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 624e-624
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Young Apple

A series of experiments were initiated to evaluate the influence of notching on improving lateral branching of young apple trees. Buds on 2-year-old wood of `Redspur' Delicious/MM.111 were notched at 2-week intervals from 6 weeks before bloom to 2 weeks after. Notching increased lateral branching cubically with the greatest response occurring when notching was done 2 to 4 weeks before bloom. Bud break occurred equally well and shoots grew comparably when `Redcort'/M.7 were notched at the tip, middle, or base. Bud break and shoot growth from unnotched buds was greatest at the tip, intermediate in the middle and least at the base. Limbs of `Spygold'/M.7 were spread to a 45 degree angle then one bud from each 1-year-old shoot was notched at either the top, side or on the bottom of the shoot. Notching increased lateral branching from all bud positions, but the greatest response was from buds notched at the top and least from those located at the bottom of a branch. Buds of `Marshall McIntosh' were notched on either 1 or 2-year-old wood. Notching increased lateral branching more on 2-year than on 1-year old wood.

scholarly journals NOTCHING TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE BRANCHING OF YOUNG APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109G-1109
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Young Apple

A series of experiments were initiated to evaluate the influence of notching on improving lateral branching of young apple trees. Buds on 2-year-old wood of `Redspur' Delicious/MM.111 were notched at 2-week intervals from 6 weeks before bloom to 2 weeks after. Notching increased lateral branching cubically with the greatest response occurring when notching was done 2 to 4 weeks before bloom. Bud break occurred equally well and shoots grew comparably when `Redcort'/M.7 were notched at the tip, middle, or base. Bud break and shoot growth from unnotched buds was greatest at the tip, intermediate in the middle and least at the base. Limbs of `Spygold'/M.7 were spread to a 45 degree angle then one bud from each l-year-old shoot was notched at either the top, side or on the bottom of the shoot. Notching increased lateral branching from all bud positions, but the greatest response was from buds notched at the top and least from those located at the bottom of a branch. Buds of `Marshall McIntosh' were notched on either 1 or 2-year-old wood. Notching increased lateral branching more on 2-year than on 1-year old wood.

scholarly journals NOTCHING TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE BRANCHING OF YOUNG APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109g-1109
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Young Apple

A series of experiments were initiated to evaluate the influence of notching on improving lateral branching of young apple trees. Buds on 2-year-old wood of `Redspur' Delicious/MM.111 were notched at 2-week intervals from 6 weeks before bloom to 2 weeks after. Notching increased lateral branching cubically with the greatest response occurring when notching was done 2 to 4 weeks before bloom. Bud break occurred equally well and shoots grew comparably when `Redcort'/M.7 were notched at the tip, middle, or base. Bud break and shoot growth from unnotched buds was greatest at the tip, intermediate in the middle and least at the base. Limbs of `Spygold'/M.7 were spread to a 45 degree angle then one bud from each l-year-old shoot was notched at either the top, side or on the bottom of the shoot. Notching increased lateral branching from all bud positions, but the greatest response was from buds notched at the top and least from those located at the bottom of a branch. Buds of `Marshall McIntosh' were notched on either 1 or 2-year-old wood. Notching increased lateral branching more on 2-year than on 1-year old wood.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on Growth and Flowering in Young Apple Trees Grown with Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ping Gao ◽  
Hino Motosugi ◽  
Akira Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Young Apple

Ungrafted trees of seven apple rootstock cultivars, M.4, M.7, M.11, M.26, M.27, MM.106, and Maru. bakaidou (Malus prunifolia Borkh. var. ringo Asami; weeping type), and `Fuji' (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees grafted on these seven plus M.9 and M. 16 rootstock were grown in sand. They were regularly supplied with nutrient solutions of N as ammonium alone (A), nitrate alone (T), and both (AT). With both ungrafted and grafted trees, the shoot growth of six rootstock (M.11, M.4, M.7, MM.106, M.26, and M.27) was significantly less with A than with T. With `Fuji' trees grafted on the above six rootstock, the number of flowering buds and the ratios of flowering buds to total emerged buds were significantly enhanced by treatments A and AT, especially in the formation of axillary flowering buds. Flowering and shoot growth of `Fuji' trees grafted on M. prunifolia and M.16 were slightly affected by the form of supplied N. In the xylem sap, cytokinin-like activity was detected in a single zone in paper chromatography in all rootstock and `Fuji' trees. The activity in six ungrafted rootstock (M.4, M.7, M.11, M.26, M.27, and MM.106) and `Fuji' trees grafted on these plus M.9 rootstock were higher with A than with T. Gibberellin-like activity in the same sap was detected in two zones, Rfs 0.3 to 0.4 and Rfs 0.7 to 0.8 in paper chromatography. In the six ungrafted rootstock and in `Fuji' trees grafted on these plus M.9, A led to higher activity at Rfs 0.7 to 0.S, but T led to higher activity at Rfs 0.3 to 0.4. Cytokinin-like and gibberellin-like activities in ungrafted M. prunfolia and `Fuji' trees grafted on M. prunifolia or M.16 were not affected by the form of N.

scholarly journals Effect of Prohexadione-Calcium Dose Level on Shoot Growth and Fire Blight in Young Apple Trees

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Norelli ◽  
S. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Young Apple

Prohexadione-calcium suppresses both shoot growth and fire blight in apple. In young apple orchards, there are conflicting requirements to control fire blight and allow sufficient tree growth for tree establishment. Application of prohexadione-calcium to various cultivars of orchard-grown apple trees ranging in age from newly planted to fifth-leaf trees indicated that fewer high-dose (125 or 250 mg ·liter-1) applications of prohexadione-calcium provided a better balance between fire blight control and growth in young orchards than multiple low-dose (30 or 63 mg·liter-1) applications. The response of early-season shoot growth to prohexadione-calcium treatment dose was linear. However, trees that received high doses of prohexadione-calcium tended to grow more in the latter part of the season, resulting in little or no difference in total seasonal growth between trees that received a few high or multiple low doses of prohexadione-calcium. Enhancement of fire blight resistance by prohexadione-calcium was correlated with shoot growth suppression at the time of inoculation, and the resistance response to prohexadione-calcium treatment dose was linear. Fire blight management strategies that use prohexadione-calcium in young apple orchards are discussed.

Effects of dormancy factors on the growth of vegetative buds of young apple trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Thompson ◽  
DL Jones ◽  
DG Nichols
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Young Apple

Controlled temperature conditions were used to investigate the chilling requirements of potted 1-year-old apple trees cv. Jonathan. The rate of bud break, the number of buds growing and extension growth were increased by prior chilling. Temperature effects over the range 2–10°C were greatest at the lower end of the range. Chilling early in the dormant period was less effective than later chilling, and interruption of chilling with periods of high temperature reduced subsequent growth.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

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