scholarly journals Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bernardita Sallato ◽  
Matthew D. Whiting ◽  
Juan Munguia
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
State University ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Green Spot ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
Fruit Diameter

‘WA 38’ is a new apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar, released by Washington State University (WSU) in 2017. An unknown disorder, ‘‘green spot’’ (GS), dark green halos in the epidermis, with necrotic, corky, and oxidated cortical tissue underneath the damaged epidermis, leads to unmarketable fruit and has become a threat to the adoption and profitability of ‘WA 38’, with young and mature orchards exhibiting up to 60% incidence in 2020. Given the apparent susceptibility of ‘WA 38’ to GS, this research investigated GS relation with nutrient levels in fruit. Research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in a ‘WA 38’ apple block planted in 2013, on ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘M.9-Nic 29’ (‘M.9’) rootstocks. In both years, fruit number per tree, fruit weight, and fruit diameter were evaluated in 18 trees per treatment, from both rootstocks. From each tree, fruit were classified for presence or absence of GS, and subsequently analyzed for nutrient concentration in the peel and in the flesh, nutrient extraction, and total nutrient content, on an individual apple basis. Apples with GS had higher nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the peel, regardless of year and rootstock. Apples grown on ‘G.41’ rootstock exhibited higher GS incidence and reduced crop load in both years; reduced size and fruit diameter were exhibited only in 2018. Fruit on ‘G.41’ had higher N, potassium (K), and Mg in the flesh and higher N and Mg in the peel, with lower levels of calcium (Ca) in the flesh and peel; however, only in 2018, with no differences in 2019. GS in ‘WA 38’ apples appears to be another Ca-related disorder in which excessive vigor, rootstock, and N and Mg excess are predisposing factors for its development.

scholarly journals Implementation of Bar-code Technology in a Tree Fruit Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Kate M. Evans ◽  
Lisa J. Brutcher ◽  
Bonnie S. Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Data Organization ◽  
State University ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Bar Codes ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Tree Fruit

Inventory control of trees and fruit samples in the Washington State University apple breeding program has been simplified by the use of bar codes. Tree labels incorporate individual bar-coded identities that can be scanned in the field when taking measurements or collecting samples. Bar codes on fruit sample labels also simplify data recording as well as improve the efficiency of the program by greatly reducing the risk of errors. The interface of bar-code identities with data organization and statistical software makes data analysis more straightforward.

scholarly journals 066 A MODEL FOR REFORM OF UNDERGRADUATE HORTICULTURE EDUCATION: THE WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT PROGRAM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 437d-437
Author(s):  
Mark K. Mullinix ◽  
Paul Tvergyak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
State University ◽  
Student Placement ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Educational Partnership ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Production Industry

Horticulture departments have been experiencing a decline of students studying pomology and the tree fruit industry suffers from a shortage of horticulturists. Wenatchee Valley College responded to the tree fruit industry's request to develop an undergraduate pomology program. The program has an industry advisory committee, is industry oriented and emphasizes the art and the science of deciduous tree fruit production. Industry and field-based instruction is a significant component of the curriculum. The fruit industry funded the development of two laboratory orchards totaling 53 acres. Industry satisfaction and student placement is high. Wenatchee Valley College's success motivated the industry to encourage the Washington State University Dept. of Horticulture and Wenatchee Valley College to join in an educational partnership. The Washington Tree Fruit Program was implemented in 1993. It is the state's first educational program cooperatively developed by two state institutions of higher education and boasts 55 degree-seeking students. The articulated curriculum has many innovations and represents a significant departure from traditional undergraduate pomology curricula.

scholarly journals 209 THE WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 459c-459
Author(s):  
Paul Tvergyak ◽  
Mark K. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
State University ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Concept Framework ◽  
State Higher Education ◽  
Industry Professionals

To address the acute need of Washington's tree fruit industry for professional horticulturists, the Agriculture Sciences Department at Wenatchee Valley College and the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Washington State University have developed and implemented a unique undergraduate degree program. This program represents a new way of addressing the need for professional horticultural positions in Washington's tree fruit industry amidst tradition, reductions in state higher education budgets, and eroding confidence in the public education system. This program is not a credit transfer program but a fully articulated agreement. We established a small working team that represented the partners. Their goal was to discuss and develop a concept framework that has three parts: administrative, curriculum and industry support. The objectives of the program are to address the need of Washington's tree fruit industry for entry level horticulturists who could assume more responsibility earlier in their career, to make the fruit industry and integral partner, to prepare students for graduate study as well as industry professionals and to capitalize on the respective strengths of the partners.

scholarly journals Making sense of archaeology - Cornelius Holtorf, illustrated by Quentin Drew. Archaeology is a brand!: the meaning of archaeology in contemporary popular culture. x+184 pages, numerous illustrations. 2007. Oxford: Archaeopress; 978-1-905739-06-6 paperback £14.99. - Nicholas J. Cooper (ed.). The Archaeology of the East Midlands: An Archaeological Resource Assessment and Research Agenda (Leicester Archaeology Monograph 13). xvi+378 pages, 72 b&w & colour illustrations, 8 tables. 2006. Leicester: University of Leicester; 0-9538914-7-X paperback £19.95. - John Hunter & Ian Ralston (ed.). Archaeological Resource Management in the UK: An Introduction. Second revised edition (first published 1993). xiv+402 pages, numerous illustrations. 2006. Stroud: Sutton; 978-0-7509-2789-5 hardback £25. - R.G. Matson & Timothy A. Kohler (ed.). Tracking Ancient Footsteps: William D. Lipe's Contribution to Southwestern Prehistory and Public Archaeology. xii+188 pages, 35 illustrations, 2 tables. 2006. Pullman (WA): Washington State University Press; 978-0-87422-290-6 paperback $22.95. - Jeffrey L. Hantman & Rachel Most (ed). Managing Archaeological Data: Essays in Honor of Sylvia W. Gaines (Arizona State University Anthropological Research Paper 57). x+202 pages, 37 illustrations, 42 tables. 2006. Tempe (AZ): Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University; 978-0-936249-18-6 paperback $33.50. - Michael D. Coe. Final report: An Archaeologist Excavates His Past. 224 pages, 6 figures, 35 plates. 2006. London: Thames & Hudson; 0-500-05143-7 hardback £18.95.

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (312) ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hummler
Keyword(s):  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Final Report ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TRAITS IN FISÁLIS: A TOOL FOR INDIRECT SELECTION OF SUPERIOR PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE TREVISANI ◽  
RITA CAROLINA DE MELO ◽  
MAURO PORTO COLLI ◽  
JEFFERSON LUÍS MEIRELLES COIMBRA ◽  
ALTAMIR FREDERICO GUIDOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Fruit Diameter

ABSTRACT Knowledge about associations between traits is fundamental for plant breeding, since indirect selection can accelerate the development of promising genotypes. This study assessed the magnitude of associations between agronomically important traits in fisális (Physalis peruviana L). The experiment was conducted in Lages, Santa Catarina, and the treatments consisted of six fisális populations. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with two replications and seven plants per plot. The correlations between traits were estimated based on the Pearson correlation coefficients and partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. Fruit weight was positively correlated with number of seeds (0.874), equatorial fruit diameter (0.738) and polar fruit diameter (0.672). By path analysis, number of seeds was identified as the trait with the highest direct contribution to fruit weight. The high phenotypic correlations between the equatorial and polar fruit diameters with fruit weight were mainly due to the indirect effect via number of seeds (0.505 and 0.459). The selection for heavier fisális fruits was strongly influenced by number of seeds, i.e., this trait should be taken into account for selection.

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