scholarly journals Genetic Distance and Diversity in Table Beet and Sugar Beet Accessions Measured by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Irwin L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
The University ◽  
Standard Table

Genetic relationships among 37 accessions of Beta vulgaris, including 21 table beet, 14 sugar beet, and two Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla) accessions, were evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genetic distance was estimated based on the presence or absence of polymorphic RAPD bands. Multidimensional scaling plots of genetic distance values revealed that table beet inbred lines from the University of Wisconsin Table beet Breeding Program clustered in an intermediate position between sugar beet breeding lines and standard table beet germplasm, likely because of their origin from an introgression program designed to incorporate sugar beet genes.

Callus Induction and Shoot Organogenesis in Two Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Breeding Lines in vitro Cultured

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Taghipour ◽  
Narges Janalizade ◽  
Maryam Eshrati ◽  
Taraneh Hassanzade ◽  
Fahrul Huyop
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Breeding Lines

Efficient somatic embryogenesis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Lai Zhang ◽  
Dong-Fang Chen ◽  
Marie Kubalakova ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Nigel W. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Breeding Lines

scholarly journals The Perfect Stage of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) of Beta vulgaris Found in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hanson ◽  
J. M. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perfect Stage ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Powdery Mildew Infection

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC [synonym E. betae {Vanha} Weltzien]) affects several different crops of Beta vulgaris, including sugar beet, Swiss chard, and table beet. The disease has been prevalent in many sugar beet-growing areas of the United States since the first major epidemic in beet in 1974 (3). Powdery mildew in the United States was primarily associated with the asexual stage of the pathogen until the perfect stage was found, first in western states such as Idaho and Colorado (2), then in more Midwestern states such as Nebraska, and most recently in North Dakota (1). Similar to North Dakota, powdery mildew has not been a major problem in the Michigan growing area. It does appear sporadically, particularly on sugar beets that have not been sprayed to control other foliar diseases. In 2010, powdery mildew infection on sugar beet was observed in late August in a field in the Saginaw Valley of Michigan. Plants were inspected periodically for the presence of the sexual stage. In early October, sugar beet and Swiss chard plants with heavy powdery mildew infection also were observed at the Michigan State University (MSU) Horticultural Demonstration Gardens in East Lansing and on sugar beet at the MSU Plant Pathology and Botany research farms. On both the Saginaw Valley sugar beet and Swiss chard on the MSU campus, ascomata were observed on a few leaves in mid-October. No ascomata were found on sugar beet at the other two locations. The majority of ascomata were dark brown to black when located, although a few light tan ascomata were observed on the Swiss chard. Ascomata varied from 70 to 100 μm in diameter. Asci contained one to four hyaline or golden yellow ascospores similar to those described in other growing regions on sugar beet (1,2). No ascomata had been detected on powdery mildew-infected sugar beet from either the Saginaw Valley or the MSU research farms the previous two years. These results appear to indicate a spread of the ability to form the perfect stage eastward from the western United States. This may be due to movement of one mating type because E. polygoni has been reported to be heterothallic on some crops (4). The presence of the perfect stage indicates that sexual recombination could occur in E. polygoni on Beta species in Michigan, creating the potential for more rapid development of new strains that might vary in fungicide sensitivity and response to host resistance. References: (1) C. A. Bradley et al. Plant Dis. 91:470, 2007 (2) J. J. Gallian and L. E. Hanson. Plant Dis. 87:200, 2003. (3) E. G. Ruppel. Page 13 in: Compendium of Beet Disease and Insects. E. D. Whitney and J. E. Duffus, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (4) C. G. Smith. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55:355, 1970.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Sugar Beet Derived from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Lewellen ◽  
J. K. Schrandt
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level

Powdery mildew of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), caused by Erysiphe polygoni, was introduced into North American in 1974. Since then, chemical control has been needed. Moderate resistance of a slow-mildewing type is known and has been used commercially. High resistance was identified recently in B. vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions WB97 and WB242 and has been backcrossed into sugar beet breeding lines. These enhanced lines were used as sources of powdery mildew resistance to determine the inheritance of resistance. Analyses of segregating testcross families showed that resistance from both sources is inherited as a single, dominant, major gene. The gene symbol Pm is proposed for the resistant allele. The allelism of the resistance from the two wild beet sources was not determined. Pm conditions a high level of resistance, but disease developed on matured leaves late in the season. This late development of mildew on lines and the slow-mildewing trait in susceptible, recurrent lines tended to obfuscate discrete disease ratings.

DNA fingerprinting in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) — identification of double-haploid breeding lines

1993 ◽  
Vol 85-85 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schmidt ◽  
K. Boblenz ◽  
M. Metzlaff ◽  
D. Kaemmer ◽  
K. Weising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Breeding Lines

scholarly journals Betacyanins and Betaxanthins in Cultivated Varieties of Beta vulgaris L. Compared to Weed Beets

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5395
Author(s):  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Jan Kubes ◽  
Hajihashemi Shokoofeh ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Wild Beet ◽  
Red Coloration

There are 11 different varieties of Beta vulgaris L. that are used in the food industry, including sugar beets, beetroots, Swiss chard, and fodder beets. The typical red coloration of their tissues is caused by the indole-derived glycosides known as betalains that were analyzed in hypocotyl extracts by UV/Vis spectrophotometry to determine the content of betacyanins (betanin) and of betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin I) as constituents of the total betalain content. Fields of beet crops use to be also infested by wild beets, hybrids related to B. vulgaris subsp. maritima or B. macrocarpa Guss., which significantly decrease the quality and quantity of sugar beet yield; additionally, these plants produce betalains at an early stage. All tested B. vulgaris varieties could be distinguished from weed beets according to betacyanins, betaxanthins or total betalain content. The highest values of betacyanins were found in beetroots ‘Monorubra’ (9.69 mg/100 mL) and ‘Libero’ (8.42 mg/100 mL). Other beet varieties contained less betacyanins: Sugar beet ‘Labonita’ 0.11 mg/100 mL; Swiss chard ‘Lucullus,’ 0.09 mg/100 mL; fodder beet ‘Monro’ 0.15 mg/100 mL. In contrast with weed beets and beetroots, these varieties have a ratio of betacyanins to betaxanthins under 1.0, but the betaxanthin content was higher in beetcrops than in wild beet and can be used as an alternative to non-red varieties. Stability tests of selected varieties showed that storage at 22 °C for 6 h, or at 7 °C for 24 h, did not significantly reduce the betalain content in the samples.

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