scholarly journals Variability in the Rate of Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation among Tuber-bearing Solanum (Potato) Species

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Vega ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
John B. Bamberg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chilling Temperatures

Two major components of frost resistance are freezing tolerance in the nonacclimated state (growing in normal condition) and capacity to cold acclimate (increase in freezing tolerance upon exposure to chilling temperatures). In addition to these two major components, numerous factors contribute to frost survival. Although the rate of cold acclimation and deacclimation have been recognized as important factors contributing to frost survival, very little information about them is available. Our objective was to determine if there is variability in the rate of cold acclimation and deacclimation among tuber-bearing wild potato species: S. acaule Bitter, S. commersonii Dunal, S. megistacrolobum Bitter, S. multidissectum Hawkes, S. polytrichon Rydb., S. sanctae-rosae Hawkes, and S. megistacrolobum subsp. toralapanum (Cárdenas & Hawkes) Giannattasio&Spooner. Relative freezing tolerance of these species was measured after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of cold acclimation and after 12 and 24 hours deacclimation. Our results showed there were differences in the rates of cold acclimation and deacclimation among these species. With respect to the rate of acclimation we found these species can be divided into four groups: (i) early; (ii) late acclimators; (iii) progressive acclimators, and (iv) nonacclimators. Likewise, a wide range of cold deacclimation behavior was found. Some species showed as low a loss of 20% of their freezing tolerance, others showed as much as >60% loss after 12 hours of deacclimation. Significant deacclimation was observed in all cold acclimating species after 1 day. These results demonstrate that the rates of cold acclimation and deacclimation were not necessarily related to the cold acclimation capacity of a species. Rapid acclimation in response to low temperatures preceding a frost episode and slow deacclimation in response to unseasonably warm daytime temperatures could be advantageous for plants to survive frost events. Thus, in addition to nonacclimated freezing tolerance and acclimation capacity, it would be very desirable to be able to select for rapid acclimation and slow deacclimation abilities. Results demonstrate that variability for these two traits exists in Solanum L. (potato) species.

Cell ultrastructure and physiological changes of potato during cold acclimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyu Wu ◽  
Tianjiu He ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Luo ◽  
Wang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Potato Species

Potato cultivars are sensitive to frost; thus, freezing damage often results in heavy loss of potato yield. In this study, two wild potato species, Solanum acaule W3, which is frost-resistant and has cold-acclimation ability, and Solanum cardiophyllum Cph12, which is frost-sensitive and cannot be cold-acclimated, were used to research the cell structure and physiological changes that occur during cold acclimation. The results showed that the frost resistance of W3 was enhanced by cold acclimation, while the frost resistance of Cph12 did not change. The subcellular characteristics related to the enhancement of freezing resistance mainly include a decrease in the proportion of the vacuole to total cell volume, integrity of the biomembrane, and orderly arrangement of grana lamellae. At the physiological level, the W3 damage index was correlated with membrane lipid peroxidation system indices (including chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and the difference between relative conductivity before and after freezing treatment in W3), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, the contents of the osmotic regulators proline and soluble protein, and the contents of the endogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid/abscisic acid (IAA/ABA), and SA/ABA, which indicated that cold acclimation enhanced the freezing resistance of wild potato species W3 by enhancing its original cold-tolerance characteristics. The results could be useful to clarify the cold resistance mechanism of plants, and to provide a theoretical basis for cold-resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Variability in the Speed of Cold Deacclimation among Tuber-bearing Wild Potato Species

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 579f-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E Vega ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
John B. Bamberg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Degree

Frost injury limits the cultivation of potatoes in many regions around the world. We are currently studying the factors that contribute to frost survival in potato in an attempt to improve its frost tolerance. Wild potato species have been distinguished for their high degree of non-acclimated frost tolerance (growing under normal conditions) and their high cold acclimation capacity (able to increase frost tolerance upon exposure to cold). Cold acclimation can be reversed upon exposure to warm temperatures (deacclimation). The ability to gain freezing tolerance rapidly in response to low temperatures as well as not being able to deacclimate rapidly in response to warm daytime temperatures would be advantageous for a plant against spring or fall freezes. Last year we presented evidence for the variability in the speed of cold acclimation among 7 wild tuber-bearing potato species (S. acaule, S. commersonii, S. megistacrolobum, S. multidissectum, S. polytrichon, S. sanctae-rosae and S. toralapanum). The same set of species was used for the present study to find out if there is also variability for the speed of deacclimation. Relative freezing tolerance of these species was measured before and after cold acclimation as well as after one day of deacclimation (exposure to warm temperatures). Our results suggest that there are differences in the speed of deacclimation among these species. We found that while some species lost near a half of their hardiness, others lost only a third or less of their hardiness after one day of deacclimation.

scholarly journals Evidence for Genetic Variability in the Speed of Cold Acclimation among Tuber-bearing Wild Potato Species

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 775G-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Vega-Semorile ◽  
John B. Bamberg ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Great Chance ◽  
Potato Species

Frost damage to the foliage is a common problem where potatoes are grown, and results in significant reductions in tuber yield. Frost injury also limits the cultivation of high-yielding S. tuberosum cultivars in the mountain regions of Central and South America, where potato is a staple crop. Recent studies have shown that some wild potato species possess a high degree of non-acclimated frost tolerance (growing in normal conditions) as well as high cold acclimation capacity (able to increase frost tolerance upon exposure to cold). Natural frosts affecting potatoes are of two types: a) late spring or early fall frost, where the minimum temperature during the frost episode can be very low; b) frost during the growing season, where the minimum temperature during the frost episode is not as low. It is expected that potato species able to acclimate rapidly would survive better from the latter type of frosts, whereas species having higher acclimation capacity might have a great chance to survive better from the former type of frosts. The objective of this study was to find out if there is genetic variability for the speed of acclimation among different tuber-bearing wild potato species. The species used were: S. acaule, S. commersonii, S. megistacrolobum, S. multidissectum, S. polytrichon, S. sanctae-rosae, and S. toralapanum. Relative freezing tolerance of these species was measured during cold acclimation. Preliminary results suggest that there are differences in the speed of acclimation among these species. We found that these species can be divided into four groups: i) non-acclimators; ii) rapid acclimators, with low to medium acclimation capacity; iii) slow acclimators, with low to medium acclimation capacity; iv) slow acclimators, with high acclimation capacity. We plan to use this information in our breeding program aimed at improving the freezing tolerance of potatoes.

scholarly journals LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF WILD POTATO SPECIES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN THE NORTHWEST OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Zoteyeva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foliar Resistance ◽  
High Level

Background. Despite the great efforts made by breeders, late blight remains a paramount cause of significant potato harvest losses. Introgression of various resistance genes from wild Solanum L. species is the main method to increase the resistance in potato cultivars. Field resistance is considered to be more durable than those induced by the action of single R genes. To this end, resistance sources should be selected from а wide range of species under severe natural infection.Material and methods. As the material for evaluation, 1141 accessions of 99 wild potato species belonging to 15 taxonomic series according to the system of J. Hawkes were used. Each accession was assessed for 3–5 years. A 1–9 point scale was employed to score the damage of plants every week starting from the first symptoms of the disease, where 9 meant the absence of any symptoms, and 1 the entirely damaged plant. The plants scoring 6 to 9 points were considered resistant.Results and conclusions. As a result of the long-term field observations, wild potato species, represented in the current evaluation by numerous accessions, were characterized for foliar resistance to late blight; individual introductions resistant to late blight were also identified. Some of those studied in the 1980s showed high resistance in the end of the 1990s through the 2000s. The highest percentage of resistant accessions/species was identified among the species with areas of distribution in Mexico. A group of Central American species and large part of species with areas of distribution in South America expressed high level of interspecific polymorphism in foliar resistance to late blight.

scholarly journals 906 PB 529 FREEZING TOLERANCE AND ACCLIMATION CAPACITY INCREASED IN CULTIVATED POTATO CROSSED TO WILD POTATO SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 563g-564
Author(s):  
Laurie S. Weiss ◽  
John B. Bamberg ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
High Degree

Solanum acaule (acl) and Solanum commersonii (cmm) represent the extremes of frost tolerance and cold acclimation ability among potato species. We have combined these species with cultivated S. tuberosum (tbr) to develop a potato with desired tuber traits and a high degree of frost tolerance. For this purpose diploid cmm was made 4x and crossed with naturally 4x acl. The F1 and F2 appear to exhibit hybrid vigor for vine growth for flowering, but none had frost tolerance greater than the parents. The F1 and F2 were crossed with S. tuberosum ssp. andigena and Katahdin via 2n eggs resulting in 6x 3-way hybrids. These hybrids were evaluated both in the field and laboratory for frost tolerance and acclimation ability. Results showed an increase of 1°C of frost tolerance and 2°C increase in cold acclimation capacity in the hybrids as compared to the sensitive tbr parents. Some of the 6x (3-way) hybrids produced significant tubers but yield and earliness needs much improvement. These results demonstrate that it should be possible to move both non acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation ability from wild to cultivated species and offer exciting opportunities to enhance potato production in frost prone areas in the world. Supported by USDA/NRI grant 91-3700-6636 to J.P.P. and J.B.B..

scholarly journals A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Potato virus Y in Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Potato

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. K. Cai ◽  
D. M. Spooner ◽  
S. H. Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Level Of Selection ◽  
High Elevations

A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Similarly, populations in similar environments are expected to be more alike than populations in divergent environments. Consequently, it is logical to assume that taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance phenotypes among plant species. The objective of this study was to test predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species, based on hypotheses that closely related organisms (taxonomy) or organisms from similar environments (biogeography) share resistance to a simply inherited trait (Potato virus Y [PVY]). We found that wild potato species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of 1 (a measure of cross compatibility) shared resistances to PVY more than species with different EBN values. However, a large amount of variation was found for resistance to PVY among and within species. We also found that populations from low elevations were more resistant than those from high elevations. Because PVY is vectored by aphids, we speculate that the distribution of aphids may determine the level of selection pressure for PVY resistance.

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