scholarly journals Insect Damage to Sweet Corn Hybrids in the South Atlantic European Coast

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Malvar ◽  
P. Revilla ◽  
P. Velasco ◽  
M.E. Cartea ◽  
A. Ordás
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Over Time

The pink stem borer (PSB) (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre) and the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) are the major insect pests of corn (Zea mays L.) in Mediterranean countries, although larvae of other insects can also cause damage. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sweet corn hybrids, planting time, and environment on damage by various insects. Data were recorded on the number of larvae of each of the aforementioned pests and damage produced in the ear 20 days after pollination and in the ear and stem when plants were dry. PSB was the most abundant pest, followed by ECB. Other insects, such as Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were rarely found in sweet corn plants. ECB was constant over time, PSB had larger seasonal variation, and M. unipuncta and H. armigera were highly variable over time. There were significant differences among planting dates and growing cycles for damage traits in each environment. Interactions among hybrids, planting dates, and environments were significant. Dry ears were damaged more than fresh ears and stems had more larvae than ears. The economic value of the crop was seriously affected because most fresh ears had some damage, and seed production would be severely affected by PSB.

scholarly journals Vegetative Phase Transition and Corn Borer Resistance of shrunken2 versus sugary1 Sweet Corn Near-isogenic Inbred Lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
William F. Tracy ◽  
Pilar Soengas ◽  
Bernardo Ordás ◽  
Amando Ordás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
The Relationship

The genes sugary1 (su1) and shrunken2 (sh2) are commonly used to produce sweet and super-sweet corn (Zea mays L.), respectively. In this work we compare corn borer [european corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) and pink stem borer (PSB) (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.)] susceptibility in seven pairs of su1 and sh2 near-isogenic sweet corn inbreds (101t, C23, C40, C68, Ia453, Ia5125, and P39) and the relationship between corn borer resistance and vegetative phase transition. The seven pairs of near-isogenic inbreds were evaluated under corn borer infestation during 3 years in northwestern Spain. Differences among inbreds were significant for most of the traits, although resistance was partial. Ia5125su1 and C40su1 were the most resistant inbreds. Differences between a few pairs of near-isogenic su1 and sh2 strains were significant for some vegetative phase change and corn borer damage-related traits. Generally su1 strains flowered earlier, had a shorter juvenile phase, fewer PSB, and more ECB larvae than sh2 strains. However su1 and sh2 strains did not differ significantly for most traits related to phase transition and corn borer damage; notably ear damage was not significantly different between su1 and sh2 strains. These results suggest that theoretical and practical results of sweet corn (sugary1) breeding for corn borer resistance could be capitalized for super-sweet corn (shrunken2) breeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of Selected Conventional and Experimental Insecticides and Bt Hybrids for Control of Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
J. T. Shaw ◽  
R. Weinzierl ◽  
J. W. Finger
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract The tests were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Each plot consisted of four rows, each being 30 inches wide and 50 ft long. Thirty-foot-wide alleys were established between the four replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle two rows of each plot, leaving two untreated rows between adjoining plots. Twelve insecticide treatments were compared with two Br-sweet corn hybrids (Heritage Bt and Bonus Bt) and their non-Bt isolines to two untreated controls. The 12 chemical treatments and the two untreated checks were planted with the Silver King variety sweet corn. Two untreated check plots were included in each replication and were averaged for the ANOVA. Treatments were applied very four to five days beginning on 8 Aug at 8% silk. All insecticide treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV) with a rear-mounted boom. Six Conejet (TX VS-8) hollow-cone nozzles (three per row) were calibrated to deliver 30.1 gpa at 40 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph, utilizing a compressed air system. Four nozzles (two per row) were attached to drops and directed the spray towards the ear zone area, a third nozzle (one per row) was mounted directly over the row with the spray being directed into the whorl (tassel) area.

scholarly journals Ear Feeding Resistance of Sweet Corn Inbreds to Pink Stem Borer

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Velasco ◽  
Rosa A. Malvar ◽  
Ana Butrón ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Amando Ordás
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
General Appearance

Pink stem borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.) is one of the most important insect pests of corn (Zea mays L.) in southern Europe. The objectives of this work were to determine the level of resistance in different sweet corn inbreds and to identify sources of resistance to ear feeding by the pink stem borer. Twenty-eight sweet corn (su1 and su1se1) inbreds and four resistant field corn (Su1Se1) inbreds were evaluated for ear resistance at different sowing dates, under two methods of artificial infestation. There were significant differences between infestation methods for ears with damaged grain, husks, cobs, and shanks. The inbred×infestation method interaction was significant for general appearance of the ear. The most resistant inbreds were identified by using mean comparisons and principal component analysis of ear damage traits. All inbreds were damaged. Hence, resistance was incomplete and in need of improvement. EP59, H3, I5125, IL767b, and V7726 were the most resistant sweet corn inbreds, which did not differ significantly from A635, the most resistant field corn inbred. General appearance of the ear appears to be a good indicator of pink stem borer resistance and can be used in preliminary evaluation. Variability exists in the resistance of these sweet inbreds to the pink stem borer and the use of field corn inbreds may not be necessary in the improvement of resistance, although further research is needed to determine if the sources differ in the pertinent genes conferring resistance.

THE DURRA STEM BORER Sesamia cretica Led. A NEW PROBLEM IN IMPORTED EUROPEAN BROOM CORN

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. U. Monro
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Normal Host ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
Pyrausta Nubilalis

Importations into North America of shipments of broom corn (Sorghum vugare var. technicum) have always been a source of anxiety to plant quarantine officials. It is well known that the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn., was almost certainly introduced onto this continent in this commodity (22), a surmise which receives perennial support from the continued finding of this species in consignments from various parts of Europe. Broom corn is usually imported in bales weighing from 100 to 250 pounds each, (Figures 1 and 2) which contain both the brush and anything up to 12 inches of stalk necessary for the proper binding of the broom. It is interesting to note that in the country of origin, after the broom corn is harvested, it is dried and curcd and is then usually subected to the fumes of burning sulphur overnight in a closed room in order to bring about, through bleaching, a uniform yellowish colour desired in the trade. None of these treatments have any appreciable effect on the populations of living borers found in the stalks. In addition to insect pests which feed in or on broom corn as a normal host, other species may use the borings of the normal pests as sites of hibernation or pupation. Under some conditions, no doubt, stalks may be left lying in the field for some time prior to harvesting, and thus constitute a refuge for many potential pests.

scholarly journals SWEET CORN EAR RESISTANCE TO THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubner) AND ITS RESPONSE IN SINGLE CROSSES.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 645f-645
Author(s):  
Mary S. Joyce ◽  
Dave W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Neonate Larvae

Development of sweet corn hybrids having resistance to ear feeding by the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hübner) would save growers millions of dollars annually. Sweet corn breeding lines have been developed which show resistance to ear feeding. To determine whether resistance in these lines was heritable, testcrosses were made between 6 resistant lines and 2 susceptible inbreds. The testcrosses, resistant lines, susceptible inbreds, and Jubilee, a standard susceptible hybrid, were planted in randomized complete blocks replicated 8 times at each of 2 locations. Primary ears were infested, on the ear tip, at mid-silk (R3) with approximately 50 neonate larvae and were evaluated for damage 25 - 30 days later using a 9 point scale. The resistant parents and their testcrosses had 15% to 64% more resistant ears (less than 1% kernel damage at the tip only) than Jubilee. The inbreds and their commercial hybrid did not differ in resistance from Jubilee. Resistance to ECB appears to be polygenic and it has been suggested that some level of non-additive gene action is important. While the specific traits responsible for ear resistance are not known, the resistance of the breeding lines was transmitted to the testcrosses.

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