The effect of magnetic field variations in a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha on flame stability and characteristics on the premixed combustion

This study investigates the effect of attracting and repels magnetic fields with the materials of vegetable oil in the form of a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha (B50) against the behavior of stability and characteristics of flame in the process of premixed burning. The fuel for a mixture of vegetable oil of 600 ml was filled into the boiler heated with a gas stove to be evaporated at a temperature of 300 °C and 3 bar pressure was kept constant was mixed with air from the compressor in the burner room. Then a flame was ignited at the end of the nozzle to form a diffusion flame, the flame formed was then given north (N) and south (S). The results showed that the flame speed of the attractive magnetic field was 52.22 cm/sec, the repulsive magnetic field was 50.49 cm/sec while without a magnetic field was 49.79 cm/sec. The increase in the laminar flame speed in the attractive magnetic field is caused by the electron spin becoming more energetic and due to the change in the spin of the hydrogen proton from para to ortho. The attractive magnetic field has the strongest effect on increasing the flame speed. This makes the flame more stable in the equivalency ratio range of 0.75–1.17 compared to without a magnetic field in the same equivalency ratio range. This was so because O2 where it is in nature of paramagnetic was pumped more crossing the flame from south to north poles whereas the heat brought by H2O in nature of diamagnetic was pumped more crossing north to south poles. Whereas on the repel magnetic field, it was hotter when brought by H2O pumped into the flame whereas O2 tended to be pumped going out of the flame. This caused the combustion in the flame was smaller and the reaction was not maximum. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed was more lacking and the reaction was not to the fullest. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed in the repel was fewer than the attract magnetic field

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The Role of Magnetic Field Orientation in Vegetable Oil Premixed Combustion

Journal of Combustion ◽

10.1155/2020/2145353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Dony Perdana ◽

Lilis Yuliati ◽

Nurkholis Hamidi ◽

I. N. G. Wardana

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Burning Velocity ◽

Stability Limit ◽

Lewis Number ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Premixed Combustion ◽

Field Orientation ◽

Magnetic Field Orientation

This study observed the influence of magnetic field orientation on the premixed combustion of vegetable oil. The results show that the magnetic field increased the laminar burning velocity because the spin of electron became more energetic and changes the spin of hydrogen proton from para to ortho. The increase of flame speed became larger on vegetable oil with stronger electric poles. The attraction magnetic field gives the strongest effect against the increase of flame speed and makes flame stability limit wider toward lean equivalence ratio. This is because O2 with the paramagnetic nature is pumped more crossing flame from the south pole (S) to north pole (N) whereas the heat energy carried by H2O from the reaction product with the diamagnetic nature is pumped more crossing flame in the N pole to the S pole. This made the combustion close to Lewis number equal to unity, whereas in the repulsion magnetic poles, S-S, more O2 is pumped into the flame while more heat is pumped out of the flame, and thus, combustion in the flame is leaner and reactions are not optimal. Conversely, at N-N poles, more heat carried by H2O was pumped into the flame while more O2 was pumped out of the flame. As a result, combustion in the flame is richer and the reaction is also not optimal. As a consequence, the velocity of the laminar flame at the repelling poles is lower than that of attracting poles.

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A Numerical Study on the Reactivity of Biogas/Reformed-Gas/Air and Methane/Reformed-Gas/Air Mixtures at Gas Turbine Relevant Conditions

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems ◽

10.1115/gt2016-56655 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pablo Diaz Gomez Maqueo ◽

Philippe Versailles ◽

Gilles Bourque ◽

Jeffrey M. Bergthorson

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Flame Stability ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Fuel Reforming ◽

Numerical Work ◽

Chemical Effects

This study investigates the increase in methane and biogas flame reactivity enabled by the addition of syngas produced through fuel reforming. To isolate thermodynamic and chemical effects on the reactivity of the mixture, the burner simulations are performed with a constant adiabatic flame temperature of 1800 K. Compositions and temperatures are calculated with the chemical equilibrium solver of CANTERA® and the reactivity of the mixture is quantified using the adiabatic, freely-propagating premixed flame, and perfectly-stirred reactors of the CHEMKIN-Pro® software package. The results show that the produced syngas has a content of up to 30 % H2 with a temperature up to 950 K. When added to the fuel, it increases the laminar flame speed while maintaining a burning temperature of 1800 K. Even when cooled to 300 K, the laminar flame speed increases up to 30 % from the baseline of pure biogas. Hence, a system can be developed that controls and improves biogas flame stability under low reactivity conditions by varying the fraction of added syngas to the mixture. This motivates future experimental work on reforming technologies coupled with gas turbine exhausts to validate this numerical work.

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DETERMINATION OF LAMINAR FLAME SPEED OF DIESEL FUEL FOR USE IN A TURBULENT FLAME SPREAD PREMIXED COMBUSTION MODEL

Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force ◽

10.1142/9789812772572_0037 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Schihl ◽

John Tasdemir ◽

Walter Bryzik

Keyword(s):

Flame Spread ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Turbulent Flame ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Premixed Combustion ◽

Combustion Model ◽

Laminar Flame Speed

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Influence of laminar flame speed on turbulent premixed combustion

Combustion and Flame ◽

10.1016/0010-2180(86)90151-3 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 353-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Goro Masuya

Keyword(s):

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Premixed Combustion ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Turbulent Premixed Combustion ◽

Turbulent Premixed

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Experimental and Kinetic Evaluation of Pressurized Lean Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flame Stability With Carbon Dioxide and Steam Dilution

Volume 4B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions ◽

10.1115/gt2020-16083 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jon Runyon ◽

Daniel Pugh ◽

Anthony Giles ◽

Burak Goktepe ◽

Philip Bowen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Strain Rate ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Flame Stability ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Adiabatic Flame Temperature ◽

Extinction Strain Rate

Abstract A study has been undertaken to experimentally and numerically evaluate the use of carbon dioxide or steam as premixed fuel additive in hydrogen-air flames to aid in the development of lean premixed (LPM) swirl burner technology for low NOx operation. Chemical kinetics modelling indicates that the use of CO2 or steam in the premixed reactants reduces H2-air laminar flame speed and adiabatic flame temperature within the well-characterized range of preheated LPM methane-air flames, albeit in markedly different proportions; for example, nearly 65 %vol CO2 as a proportion of the fuel is required for a reduction in laminar flame speed to equivalent CH4-air values, while approximately 30 %vol CO2 in the fuel is required for an equivalent reduction in adiabatic flame temperature, significantly impacted by the increased heat capacity of CO2. The 2nd generation high-pressure generic swirl burner, designed for use with LPM CH4-air, was therefore utilized to experimentally investigate the influence of CO2 and steam dilution on pressurized (up to 250 kW/MPa), preheated (up to 573 K), LPM H2-air flame stability using high-speed OH* chemiluminescence. In addition, exhaust gas emissions, such as NOx and CO, have been measured in comparison with equivalent thermal power conditions for CH4-air flames, showing that low NOx operation can be achieved. Furthermore, pure LPM H2-air flames are characterized for the first time in this burner, stabilized at low equivalence ratio (approximately 0.24) and increased Reynolds number at atmospheric pressure compared to the stable CH4-air flame (equivalence ratio of 0.55). The influence of extinction strain rate is suggested to characterize, both experimentally and numerically, the observed lean flame behavior, in particular as extinction strain rate has been shown to be non-monotonic with pressure for highly-reactive and diffuse fuels such as hydrogen.

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Effect of methane-dimethyl ether fuel blends on flame stability, laminar flame speed, and Markstein length

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute ◽

10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.042 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 929-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

W.B. Lowry ◽

Z. Serinyel ◽

M.C. Krejci ◽

H.J. Curran ◽

G. Bourque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Flame Stability ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Markstein Length ◽

Fuel Blends

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An experimental and reduced modeling study of the laminar flame speed of jet fuel surrogate components

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 586-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J.D. Munzar ◽

B. Akih-Kumgeh ◽

B.M. Denman ◽

A. Zia ◽

J.M. Bergthorson

Keyword(s):

Laminar Flame ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Reduced Modeling ◽

Fuel Surrogate ◽

Modeling Study

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Laminar flame speed measurements of dimethyl ether in air at pressures up to 10atm

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.040 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Jaap de Vries ◽

William B. Lowry ◽

Zeynep Serinyel ◽

Henry J. Curran ◽

Eric L. Petersen

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Laminar Flame Speed

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Laminar flame speed correlations for methane, ethane, propane and their mixtures, and natural gas and gasoline for spark-ignition engine simulations

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087417720018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 951-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Riccardo Amirante ◽

Elia Distaso ◽

Paolo Tamburrano ◽

Rolf D Reitz

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Flame Speed ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Computational Time ◽

Laminar Flame Speed ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

Empirical Correlations

The laminar flame speed plays an important role in spark-ignition engines, as well as in many other combustion applications, such as in designing burners and predicting explosions. For this reason, it has been object of extensive research. Analytical correlations that allow it to be calculated have been developed and are used in engine simulations. They are usually preferred to detailed chemical kinetic models for saving computational time. Therefore, an accurate as possible formulation for such expressions is needed for successful simulations. However, many previous empirical correlations have been based on a limited set of experimental measurements, which have been often carried out over a limited range of operating conditions. Thus, it can result in low accuracy and usability. In this study, measurements of laminar flame speeds obtained by several workers are collected, compared and critically analyzed with the aim to develop more accurate empirical correlations for laminar flame speeds as a function of equivalence ratio and unburned mixture temperature and pressure over a wide range of operating conditions, namely [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The purpose is to provide simple and workable expressions for modeling the laminar flame speed of practical fuels used in spark-ignition engines. Pure compounds, such as methane and propane and binary mixtures of methane/ethane and methane/propane, as well as more complex fuels including natural gas and gasoline, are considered. A comparison with available empirical correlations in the literature is also provided.

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