Chemical effects induced by gas–liquid jet flow

The gas-liquid jet flow was proved to be capable of inducing chemical consequences which can lead to the decomposition of methylene blue (MB). The reaction process follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics....

Chemical Effects of Light and Photography

This article discusses the chemical and biological effects of light and photography. Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation, and its expression at wavelengths and the unit of measurement, nanometer, is considered a separate characteristic. It ranges from very short wavelength to long wavelength radiation. Visible (normal / sunlight) light is the band of radiation that our eyes can see. Under the influence of light, the following processes can occur: the attachment of atoms to molecules, dissociation, photochemical reaction, synthesis reaction. This article discusses light and its chemical effects, as well as photography. Keywords: Photosynthesis. Photography, electromagnetic radiation, synthesis, photography, xerography, photography, photochemistry, eosin, erythrosine, methylene film.

Adsorption of dye molecules on metallic nanoparticles: Unraveling the origins of the modified spectral absorption

<p>The enhanced optical response of molecules in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticle is the basis for many surface enhanced spectroscopies and of interest to the field of plasmonics. However, the mechanisms behind the enhancement are still a matter of debate because of the interplay between electromagnetic and chemical effects, which complicates the interpretation of spectral changes. Our ability to measure the surface absorption of dyes from very low coverage to high coverage allows us to identify the con- tribution of each effect (dye-dye interaction and dye-particle interaction) to the spectral modifications. In the course of this investigation, we also measured the adsorption isotherms of dyes in the presence of halide ions, which provides a detailed insight into the adsorption process on silver colloids.</p>

Adsorption of dye molecules on metallic nanoparticles: Unraveling the origins of the modified spectral absorption

<p>The enhanced optical response of molecules in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticle is the basis for many surface enhanced spectroscopies and of interest to the field of plasmonics. However, the mechanisms behind the enhancement are still a matter of debate because of the interplay between electromagnetic and chemical effects, which complicates the interpretation of spectral changes. Our ability to measure the surface absorption of dyes from very low coverage to high coverage allows us to identify the con- tribution of each effect (dye-dye interaction and dye-particle interaction) to the spectral modifications. In the course of this investigation, we also measured the adsorption isotherms of dyes in the presence of halide ions, which provides a detailed insight into the adsorption process on silver colloids.</p>

Future Directions in Physiochemical Modeling of the Thermodynamics of Polyelectrolyte Coacervates (PECs)

We review theories of polyelectrolyte (PE) coacervation, which is the spontaneous association of oppositely charged units of PEs and phase separation into a polymer-dense phase in aqueous solution. The simplest theories can be divided into “physics-based” and “chemistry-based” approaches. In the former, polyelectrolytes are treated as charged, long-chain, molecules, defined by charge level, chain length, and chain flexibility, but otherwise lacking chemical identity, with electrostatic interactions driving coacervation. The “chemistry-based” approaches focus on the local interactions between the species for which chemical identity is critical, and describe coacervation as the result of competitive local binding interactions of monomers and salts. In this article, we show how these approaches complement each other by presenting recent approaches that take both physical and chemical effects into account. Finally, we suggest future directions towards producing theories that are made quantitatively predictive by accounting for both long range electrostatic and local chemically specific interactions.

Environment-friendly clay coagulant aid for wastewater treatment

Wastewater management and its environment-friendly applications seem to be very complicated associated with chemical effects due to their dynamic characteristics for developing countries. Most of the world's agencies or countries have been treated wastewater using chemical coagulants which have contributed to other environmental complications. Considering the impacts of chemical coagulation, this study is novel research to identify alternative components that would be applied as a natural coagulant. The present study was conducted using two different regional clays as coagulants which were collected from Portugal and Bangladesh's Patuakhali coastal area. The clay coagulant applications were applied to investigate the removal efficiency of physical properties (turbidity), chemical properties (pH and COD), and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb) from wastewater. Comparatively, the highest removal efficiency was examined by the coastal clay of Patuakhali. This soil is also easily available in the local context and can be economically viable.

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles from Different Plant Species

Green chemistry for the synthesis of different nanoparticles (NPs) from metal has become a new and promising field of research in nanotechnology in recent years. The inspire applications of metal oxide NPs have attracted the interest of researchers around the world. Various physical, chemical and biological methods in material science are being adapted to synthesize different types of NPs. Green synthesis has gained widespread attention as a sustainable, reliable, and eco-friendly protocol for biologically synthesizing a wide range of metallic NPs. Green synthesis has been proposed to reduce the use of hazardous compounds and as a state of a harsh reaction in the production of metallic NPs. Plants extract used for biosynthesis of NPs such as silver (Ag), cerium dioxide (C2O2), copper oxide (CuO), Gold (Au), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO). This review article gives an overview of the plant-mediated biosynthesis of NPs that are eco-friendly and have less hazardous chemical effects.

Theory of quantum chemistry

The textbook summarizes the basic theories of quantum chemistry. A comparative analysis of the computational efficiency of computational algorithms implementing these theories from the point of view of the ratio "accuracy — resource intensity" is performed. Considerable attention is paid to the problem of accounting for electronic correlation, as well as relativistic quantum chemical effects. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduate students of higher educational institutions; it can be used by graduate students studying materials science, structural, organic and physical chemistry, molecular biology and biophysics, biotechnology.