Psychometric Properties of Geriatric Depression Scale (Malay Version) in Elderly with Cognitive Impairment

Background: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) has been widely used in assessing depression in elderly population. Using the Ministry of Health Malaysia definition for elderly, this study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of the GDS (Malay version) in elderly with cognitive impairment in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study involving 219 elderlies with cognitive impairment was conducted using universal sampling method. Participants aged 60 years old and above, scored less than 11 for the short mini mental state examination (SMMSE), have sufficient command of the Malay or English language, residing in the government nursing homes and attending memory clinics in government hospitals in Klang Valley were sampled. The GDS-15 English version underwent adaptation, translation, face validation and field testing to produce the Malay version. Psychometric analysis was performed using the exploratory factor analysis and its internal consistency was examined. Results: Mean age of participants were 72.61 ± 7.79. Majority were male (50.7%), Malay (50.2%), studied at least until primary school (71.7%) and stayed at nursing homes (50.2%). Construct validity showed significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (Chi-square = 1,340.058, P < 0.001) and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of 0.90. Factor loadings for each item in the depression domain were satisfactory ranging from 0.42 to 0.83. Factor loadings for each item in the psychosocial activities’ domain were satisfactory ranging from 0.53 to 0.76. For the questionnaire reliability analysis, the total Cronbach’s alpha for the final model was satisfactory, with and overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89. Cronbach’s alpha value for the depression and psychosocial activities domain was 0.861 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: The GDS (Malay version) is a valid and reliable tool to screen for depression in elderly with cognitive impairment.

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Unrecognized Geriatric Depression in the Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nepal: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Metric Properties of 5 item Geriatric Depression Scale in this Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36986/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roshana Shrestha ◽

Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Barbara Kamholz

Keyword(s):

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Background: Depression is prevalent but poorly recognized in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to identify the frequency of unrecognized geriatric depression and its possible determinants in the ED using the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). We also aimed to explore the performance of the shorter, five-item GDS as compared to the 15-item GDS.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the ED patients ≥ 60 years. The previously validated Nepali version of GDS-15 screened the sample into “no”, “mild-moderate” and “severe" depression using cutoff values of 4/5, and 8/9 respectively. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and health seeking behaviors were studied and the relation was assessed with binary (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test) and multinomial regression analysis. The performance of GDS-5 was compared with the GDS-15 as standard. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Spearman’s correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa coefficient.Results: 280 patients were enrolled with an overall prevalence of unrecognized depression of 45.7 % [104 (81.3%) mild-moderate depression, and 24 (18.8%) severe depression]. The mean age of the sample was 71.36 with female predominance (61%), and 82.5% were illiterate. In the binary analysis, those who had more pain, visited the ED more often, had musculoskeletal diseases and sleep problems, mobility problems, visited local healers previously, and who reported self-perceived “heart and mind” disease showed statistically significant differences among the three categories. In multinomial regression analysis, visits to local healers, sleep problems and frequency of pain were significantly related to depression. The sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and Spearman’s correlation of GDS-5 were 75.8%, 96%, 0.919, and 0.827 respectively. Cronbach's alpha for GDS-5 was low (0.416), therefore a new version was proposed which improved the sensitivity to 90.6% and Cronbach’s alpha to 0.623.Conclusions: Unrecognized geriatric depression was highly prevalent which urges the need for ED-based interventions for screening and referral. The proposed brief GDS-5 correlated well with the GDS-15 with better validity and internal reliability and offers a more expeditious form of screening for geriatric depression in emergency settings in Nepal.

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Unrecognized geriatric depression in the emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nepal: prevalence, contributing factors, and metric properties of 5 item geriatric depression scale in this population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02910-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roshana Shrestha ◽

Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Barbara Kamholz

Keyword(s):

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Background Depression is prevalent but poorly recognized in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to identify the frequency of unrecognized geriatric depression and its possible determinants in the ED using the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). We also aimed to explore the performance of the shorter, five-item GDS as compared to the 15-item GDS. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the ED patients ≥ 60 years. The previously validated Nepali version of GDS-15 screened the sample into “no”, “mild-moderate” and “severe” depression using cutoff values of 4/5, and 8/9 respectively. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and health seeking behaviors were studied and the relation was assessed with binary (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test) and multinomial regression analysis. The performance of GDS-5 was compared with the GDS-15 as standard. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Spearman’s correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa coefficient. Results Two hundred eighty patients were enrolled with an overall prevalence of unrecognized depression of 45.7% [104 (81.3%) mild-moderate depression, and 24 (18.8%) severe depression]. The mean age of the sample was 71.36 with female predominance (61%), and 82.5% were illiterate. In the binary analysis, those who had more pain, visited the ED more often, had musculoskeletal diseases and sleep problems, mobility problems, visited local healers previously, and who reported self-perceived “heart and mind” disease showed statistically significant differences among the three categories. In multinomial regression analysis, visits to local healers, sleep problems and frequency of pain were significantly related to depression. The sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and Spearman’s correlation of GDS-5 were 75.8%, 96%, 0.919, and 0.827 respectively. Cronbach’s alpha for GDS-5 was low (0.416), therefore a new version was proposed which improved the sensitivity to 90.6% and Cronbach’s alpha to 0.623. Conclusions Unrecognized geriatric depression was highly prevalent which urges the need for ED-based interventions for screening and referral. The proposed brief GDS-5 correlated well with the GDS-15 with better validity and internal reliability and offers a more expeditious form of screening for geriatric depression in emergency settings in Nepal.

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Geriatric Depression in the Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nepal: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Metric Properties of 5 item Geriatric Depression Scale in this Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36986/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roshana Shrestha ◽

Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Barbara Kamholz

Keyword(s):

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Background Depression is prevalent but poorly recognized in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to determine the prevalence of geriatric depression and its possible determinants in the ED using the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). We also aimed to explore the performance of the shorter, five-item GDS as compared to the 15-item GDS. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling of the ED patients ≥ 60 years. The previously validated Nepali version of GDS-15 screened the sample into “no”, “mild-moderate” and “severe" depression using cutoff values of 4/5, and 8/9 respectively. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and health seeking behaviour were studied and the relation was assessed with binary (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test) and multinomial regression analysis. The performance of GDS-5 was compared with the GDS-15 as standard. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Spearman’s correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa coefficient. Results 280 patients were enrolled with an overall prevalence of depression of 45.7% [104 (81.3%) mild-moderate depression, and 24 (18.8%) severe depression]. The mean age of the sample was 71.36 with female predominance (61%), and 82.5% were illiterate. In the binary analysis, those who had more pain, visited the ED more often, had musculoskeletal diseases and sleep problems, mobility problems, visited local healers previously, and who reported self-perceived “heart and mind” disease showed statistically significant differences among the three categories. In multinomial regression analysis, visits to local healers, sleep problems and frequency of pain were significantly related to depression. The sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and Spearman’s correlation of GDS-5 were 75.8%, 96%, 0.919, and 0.827 respectively. Cronbach's alpha for GDS-5 was low (0.416), therefore a new version was proposed which improved the sensitivity to 90.6% and Cronbach’s alpha to 0.623. Conclusions Geriatric depression was highly prevalent which urges the need for ED-based interventions for screening and referral. The proposed brief GDS-5 correlated well with the GDS-15 with better validity and internal reliability and offers a more expeditious form of screening for geriatric depression in emergency settings in Nepal.

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Unrecognized Geriatric Depression in the Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nepal: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Metric Properties of 5 item Geriatric Depression Scale in this Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36986/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roshana Shrestha ◽

Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Barbara Kamholz

Keyword(s):

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Background: Depression is prevalent but poorly recognized in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to identify the frequency of unrecognized geriatric depression and its possible determinants in the ED using the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). We also aimed to explore the performance of the shorter, five-item GDS as compared to the 15-item GDS.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the ED patients ≥ 60 years. The previously validated Nepali version of GDS-15 screened the sample into “no”, “mild-moderate” and “severe" depression using cutoff values of 4/5, and 8/9 respectively. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and health seeking behaviors were studied and the relation was assessed with binary (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test) and multinomial regression analysis. The performance of GDS-5 was compared with the GDS-15 as standard. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Spearman’s correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa coefficient. Results: 280 patients were enrolled with an overall prevalence of unrecognized depression of 45.7 % [104 (81.3%) mild-moderate depression, and 24 (18.8%) severe depression]. The mean age of the sample was 71.36 with female predominance (61%), and 82.5% were illiterate. In the binary analysis, those who had more pain, visited the ED more often, had musculoskeletal diseases and sleep problems, mobility problems, visited local healers previously, and who reported self-perceived “heart and mind” disease showed statistically significant differences among the three categories. In multinomial regression analysis, visits to local healers, sleep problems and frequency of pain were significantly related to depression. The sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and Spearman’s correlation of GDS-5 were 75.8%, 96%, 0.919, and 0.827 respectively. Cronbach's alpha for GDS-5 was low (0.416), therefore a new version was proposed which improved the sensitivity to 90.6% and Cronbach’s alpha to 0.623. Conclusions: Unrecognized geriatric depression was highly prevalent which urges the need for ED-based interventions for screening and referral. The proposed brief GDS-5 correlated well with the GDS-15 with better validity and internal reliability and offers a more expeditious form of screening for geriatric depression in emergency settings in Nepal.

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Nepali Version of Geriatric Depression Scale-15 – A Reliability and Validation Study

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v17i4.1984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 506-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ajay Risal ◽

Eliza Giri ◽

Oshin Shrestha ◽

Sabina Manandhar ◽

Dipak Kunwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Geriatric depression is a significant problem in both the developed and the developing world. To identify this condition, Geriatric Depression Scale has been used in different languages and cultural settings; it has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument. However, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 version in Nepali has so far not been validated.Methods: The original 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 was translated into Nepali and administered by trained nurses to a target sample aged ?60 years at Dhulikhel Hospital (n=106). Subsequently, the participants were blindly interviewed by a consultant psychiatrist for possible geriatric depression according to the ICD-10 criteria. Cronbach’s alpha checked the reliability. Validity was assessed for three different cut-off points (4/5, 5/6, and 6/7); the related sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value of the scale were estimated.Results: The mean participant age was 68.1 (±7.2); males and females, 50.9% and 49.1%, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.79.The optimal cut-off point was found to be 5/6 with sensitivity and specificity 86.3% and 74.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Using a standard statistical protocol, a reliable and valid Geriatric Depression Scale-15-Nepali was developed with an adequate internal consistency and an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity at cut-off point 5/6.The Geriatric Depression Scale-15-Nepali can serve as an appropriate instrument for assessing geriatric depression in epidemiological research as well as in primary health care settings in Nepal.Keywords: Geriatric depression; internal consistency; sensitivity; South Asia; specificity.

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Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Mireille Janczyk Hereibi ◽

Juliana Perez Arthur ◽

Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽

Ângela Taís Mattei ◽

Wendy Julia Mariano Viante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Brazilian Version ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Level Scale ◽

Hypertension Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the construct and test the reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. Methods: Methodological research with 220 participants in a primary health care unit from Curitiba, Paraná. The data were collected with a social demographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scale. The construct validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Correlation and Analysis of Variance. The discriminant validity was verified comparing groups of people with hypertension and without, using T test. Results: Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.74. The groups comparison showed that people with hypertension had better results (p<0,001). Pearson’s Correlation showed that the questions measure different aspects of the same construct, justifying its organization in subdimensions. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale is a reliable instrument, which had its construct and criterion validated to measure knowledge about hypertension among Brazilian people. It can help health professionals with planning educative actions.

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Validity and reliability of a shorter version of the Geriatric Depression Scale in institutionalized older Portuguese adults

Aging & Mental Health ◽

10.1080/13607863.2019.1695739 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristiana Figueiredo-Duarte ◽

Helena Espirito-Santo ◽

Carla Sério ◽

Laura Lemos ◽

Mariana Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Validity And Reliability

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Model stability of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale across cognitive impairment and severe depression.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.372 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 372-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Patrick J. Brown ◽

Carol M. Woods ◽

Martha Storandt

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Model Stability

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Practice of CSFs for the Pre-Development Process in New Product Innovation Processes at SMEs: Questionnaire Development

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2318 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 314-316 ◽

pp. 2318-2323

Author(s):

Noor Hidayah Abu ◽

Baba Md Deros ◽

Dzuraidah Abd Wahab ◽

Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Development Process ◽

Questionnaire Development ◽

New Product ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Large Organization ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Process Implementation ◽

Food And Beverage

Today, many organizations have realized an important of pre-development process in order to compete with competitor through drastically introduce new product in the market. In view of that, understanding critical factors that contribute to successful pre-development process implementation is becoming the more important. However, most of past studies were conducted in large organization, very little has been done in small and medium enterprise (SMEs). SMEs have certain limitation in terms of their financial, human, technical, and resources that could hinder their progress towards implementing pre-development process. This paper reviews and analyses CSFs developed by previous authors in order to propose a set of CSFs which were thought to be critical for SMEs. After that the questionnaire developed in this study will be analysis using factors analysis and reliability test in order to examine construct validity and reliability. An initial draft of the questionnaire was developed based on the literature. The questionnaire was pre-tested by academicians and industry practitioners. After that the questionnaire was piloted at 55 food and beverage manufacturing SMEs to check its reliability by using Cronbach’s alpha value. In addition, principle component analysis was carried out to test the construct validity. All the factors in the survey instrument had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of more than 0.7 which may be considered satisfactory. Through factor analysis, all KMO values were found above acceptable value of 0.50. All Bartlett’s Test in this analysis was found to be significant. Therefore the instrument is valid and reliable and considered as satisfactory. Nine CSFs, which are believed suitable for SMEs have been proposed in this paper. Through systematic identification and validation, it is hope that the set of CSFs could be used as guides for SMEs to implement pre-development process successfully.

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