Practice of CSFs for the Pre-Development Process in New Product Innovation Processes at SMEs: Questionnaire Development

Today, many organizations have realized an important of pre-development process in order to compete with competitor through drastically introduce new product in the market. In view of that, understanding critical factors that contribute to successful pre-development process implementation is becoming the more important. However, most of past studies were conducted in large organization, very little has been done in small and medium enterprise (SMEs). SMEs have certain limitation in terms of their financial, human, technical, and resources that could hinder their progress towards implementing pre-development process. This paper reviews and analyses CSFs developed by previous authors in order to propose a set of CSFs which were thought to be critical for SMEs. After that the questionnaire developed in this study will be analysis using factors analysis and reliability test in order to examine construct validity and reliability. An initial draft of the questionnaire was developed based on the literature. The questionnaire was pre-tested by academicians and industry practitioners. After that the questionnaire was piloted at 55 food and beverage manufacturing SMEs to check its reliability by using Cronbach’s alpha value. In addition, principle component analysis was carried out to test the construct validity. All the factors in the survey instrument had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of more than 0.7 which may be considered satisfactory. Through factor analysis, all KMO values were found above acceptable value of 0.50. All Bartlett’s Test in this analysis was found to be significant. Therefore the instrument is valid and reliable and considered as satisfactory. Nine CSFs, which are believed suitable for SMEs have been proposed in this paper. Through systematic identification and validation, it is hope that the set of CSFs could be used as guides for SMEs to implement pre-development process successfully.

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Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Mireille Janczyk Hereibi ◽

Juliana Perez Arthur ◽

Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽

Ângela Taís Mattei ◽

Wendy Julia Mariano Viante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Brazilian Version ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Level Scale ◽

Hypertension Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the construct and test the reliability of the Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. Methods: Methodological research with 220 participants in a primary health care unit from Curitiba, Paraná. The data were collected with a social demographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scale. The construct validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’s Correlation and Analysis of Variance. The discriminant validity was verified comparing groups of people with hypertension and without, using T test. Results: Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.74. The groups comparison showed that people with hypertension had better results (p<0,001). Pearson’s Correlation showed that the questions measure different aspects of the same construct, justifying its organization in subdimensions. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale is a reliable instrument, which had its construct and criterion validated to measure knowledge about hypertension among Brazilian people. It can help health professionals with planning educative actions.

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Reliability and construct validity of the Online Cognition Scale in the Portuguese (Brazil) version (OCS-BR)

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0047-2085000000146 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

Hugo Rafael de Souza e Silva ◽

Kelsy Catherina Nema Areco ◽

Paulo Bandiera-Paiva ◽

Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão ◽

Analia Nusya de Medeiros Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Cognition Scale

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate construct validity and reliability of the Portuguese (Brazil) version of Online Cognition Scale (OCS-BR). Methods Portuguese (Brazil) versions of Online Cognition Scale (OCS), of Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and socio demographic questionnaire was applied to a sample (n = 359) of health university students. Construct validity evidence was verified through the factorial and convergent validity by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and internal consistency and stability analysis through Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively. Discriminative power of items were analyzed using item-total correlation and point biserial correlation. Results OCS-BR presented satisfactory evidence of construct validity. The instrument showed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 and ICC of 0.91. Conclusion Portuguese (Brazil) version of OCS shows items consistently gatherd to measure the Problematic Internet Use (PIU) construct, it is considered s stable instrument in time and with sufficient evidence of construct validity.

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Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate medical students' lifestyle

Medwave ◽

10.5867/medwave.2021.07.8434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (07) ◽

pp. e8434-e8434

Author(s):

Jhony de la Cruz Vargas ◽

Daniel Orejón ◽

Luis Roldan ◽

Lucy Correa-López ◽

Alonso Soto

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Health Science ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sphericity Test ◽

Final Questionnaire ◽

The Impact

Introduction It is required to have validated instruments in health science students that identify unhealthy habits and assess the impact of educational interventions and programs aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure medical students' lifestyles. Methods A lifestyle questionnaire was developed using the Delphi technique by a group of experts. The final questionnaire was applied to 332 students of the School of Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University in 2017. A preliminary examination was carried out to assess preconditions for construct validity—including the correlation matrix, the Kaiser Meyer Olkin statistic, and the Bartlett sphericity test. Factor analysis was used for construct validity, and the possible resulting factors were extracted through the principal component analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the instrument reliability. Results In this study, 41.6% of participants were men with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation = 3). The preconditions for the factor analysis were a Kaiser Meyer Olkin coefficient = 0.773 and a significant Bartlett sphericity test. For the 47 items of the final questionnaire, the factor analysis showed an explained variance of 56.7% with eigenvalues greater than one. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The final questionnaire could assume values between -23 to 151 points. Based on a cut point of 71 points, the prevalence of students with an unhealthy lifestyle was 73.6%. Conclusion The developed instrument has acceptable validity and reliability to measure lifestyle in medical students. For external validation, studies in other university populations are suggested.

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Kepuasan Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Nusantara Ditinjau dari Keselamatan, Keamanan, Kesehatan dan Hygiene di Desa Wisata Indonesia

Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah ◽

10.31599/jki.v21i1.443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 121-134

Author(s):

Soehardi Soehardi ◽

Bani Anhar ◽

Muhamad Heru Santoso ◽

Sujiyo Miranto ◽

Rusdi Rusdi

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Main Indicator ◽

Average Variance ◽

Composite Reliability ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of foreign and domestic tourists in terms of safety, security, health and hygiene in the Tourism Village, Indonesia. The study population was all foreign and domestic tourists who visited Tourism Villages, Indonesia from January to December 2019 and the sample used was cluster random sampling, with a total of 91 respondents. Quantitative research methods were used in this study with construct validity and reliability analysis, composite reliability, cronbach's alpha, average variance extracted, path coefficient and R square. There is an effect of health and hygiene on the satisfaction of foreign and domestic tourists. The better the health and hygiene, the greater the satisfaction of foreign and domestic tourists. Accessibility to drinking water and sanitation is the main indicator of health and hygiene when compared with other indicators such as: availability of the number of doctors and nurses, hospital bed facilities and risk of disease. There is an effect of safety and security on the satisfaction of foreign and domestic tourists. The better safety and security, the greater the satisfaction of foreign and domestic tourists. The accessibility of tourist destinations is the main indicator of safety and security compared to other indicators such as: friendly and kind employees, tourist village places to protect goods belonging to foreign and domestic tourists, clarity of safety and security signs and directions, walks during the day safer than at night. Keywords: Health and Hygiene, Safety and Security, Tourism Villages Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepuasan wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara ditinjau dari keselamatan, keamanan, kesehatan dan hygiene di Desa Wisata, Indonesia. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara yang berkunjung ke Desa-Desa Wisata, Indonesia bulan Januari hingga Desember 2019 dan sample yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling diperoleh responden berjumlah 91. Metode penelitian kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan analisis construct validity and reliability, composite reliability, cronbach’s alpha, average variance extracted, path coefficient and R square. Ada pengaruh kesehatan dan hygiene terhadap kepuasan wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara. Semakin baik kesehatan dan hygiene, maka semakin meningkat kepuasan wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara. Aksesabilitas ke air minum dan sanitasi merupakan indikator utama kesehatan dan hygiene apabila dibandingkan dengan indikator lainnya seperti: ketersediaan jumlah dokter dan perawat, fasilitas tempat tidur rumah sakit dan resiko terkena penyakit. Ada pengaruh keselamatan dan keamanan terhadap kepuasan wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara. Semakin baik keselamatan dan kesamanan, maka semakin meningkat kepuasan wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara. Aksesabilitas tujuan wisata merupakan indikator utama keselamatan dan keamanan dibandingkan dengan indikator lainnya seperti: karyawan yang bersahabat dan baik, tempat desa wisata melindungi barang-barang milik wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara, kejelasan rambu-rambu dan arahan keselamatan dan keamanan, jalan-jalan di siang hari lebih aman dibandingkan malam hari. Kata kunci: Kesehatan dan Hygiene, Keselamatan dan Keamanan, Desa Wisata

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Validade de construto e fidedignidade de uma lista de checagem para análise do saque do voleibol

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n1p95 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101

Author(s):

Cicero Luciano Alves Costa ◽

Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira ◽

Cintia De Oliveira Matos ◽

Madson Pereira Cruz ◽

Herbert Ugrinowitsch

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Initial Position ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Alpha Coefficient ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Sports Sciences ◽

Male Subjects

This study aims to investigate the construct validity and reliability of the checklist for qualitative analysis of the overhand serve in Volleyball. Fifty-five male subjects aged 13-17 years participated in the study. The overhand serve was analyzed using the checklist proposed by Meira Junior (2003), which analyzes the pattern of serve movement in four phases: (I) initial position, (II) ball lifting, (III) ball attacking, and (IV) finalization. Construct validity was analyzed using confirmatory factorial analysis and reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The construct validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis with the RMSEA results (0.037 [confidence interval 90% = 0.020-0.040]), CFI (0.970) and TLI (0.950) indicating good fit of the model. In relation to reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.661, being this value considered acceptable. Among the items on the checklist, ball lifting and attacking showed higher factor loadings, 0.69 and 0.99, respectively. In summary, the checklist for the qualitative analysis of the overhand serve of Meira Junior (2003) can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for use in research in the field of Sports Sciences.

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Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the nurse spiritual care therapeutics scale (NSCTS)

BMC Palliative Care ◽

10.1186/s12904-021-00750-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Merati-Fashi ◽

Behnam Khaledi-Paveh ◽

Hadis Mosafer ◽

Abbas Ebadi

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Spiritual Care ◽

Cognitive Interview ◽

Face Validity ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Persian Version ◽

Two Factors

Abstract Background Dealing with the spiritual needs of patients has been recognized as one of the principles of holistic care in nursing. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to deal with the spiritual issues of patients. Also, a valid and reliable scale is needed to measure nurse-provided spiritual care. So the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the “Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale” in Iranian nurses. Method In a methodological study, English version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale was translated into Persian by forward–backward translation procedure. Face validity was assessed by cognitive interview, and content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. In addition, construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. The participants were 188 nurses working in different adult wards. Reliability was measured using the Cronbach’s alpha and stability reliability was assessed using the internal correlation coefficient (ICC). Results In assessing the construct validity, two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were identified, which explained 58.47% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.932, and ICC was 0.892. Conclusion As a result, the Persian version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale shows a good validity and reliability. Therefore, this scale can be used to evaluate spiritual care at the bedside in Iran.

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Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254317

Author(s):

Raziyeh Ghafouri ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh ◽

Faraz Tayyar-Iravanlou ◽

Zahra Rahmaty

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Face Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caring Behaviors ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Two Factors

Background and objectives Nurses’ caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients’ perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients’ social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach’s alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses’ caring behaviors.

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Self-reported provision of person-centred maternity care among providers in Kenya and Ghana: scale validation and examination of associated factors

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e007415

Author(s):

Patience A Afulani ◽

Raymond A Aborigo ◽

Jerry John Nutor ◽

Jaffer Okiring ◽

Irene Kuwolamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Scale Validation ◽

Care Providers ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

IntroductionPerson-centred maternity care (PCMC), which refers to care that is respectful and responsive to women’s preferences needs, and values, is core to high-quality maternal and child health. Provider-reported PCMC provision is a potentially valid means of assessing the extent of PCMC and contributing factors. Our objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of a provider-reported PCMC scale, and to examine levels and factors associated with PCMC provision.MethodsWe used data from two cross-sectional surveys with 236 maternity care providers from Ghana (n=150) and Kenya (n=86). Analysis included factor analysis to assess construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha to assess internal consistency of the scale; descriptive analysis to assess extent of PCMC and bivariate and multivariable linear regression to examine factors associated with PCMC.FindingsThe 9-item provider-reported PCMC scale has high construct validity and reliability representing a unidimensional scale with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.72. The average standardised PCMC score for the combined sample was 66.8 (SD: 14.7). PCMC decreased with increasing report of stress and burnout. Compared with providers with no burnout, providers with burnout had lower average PCMC scores (β: −7.30, 95% CI:−11.19 to –3.40 for low burnout and β: −10.86, 95% CI: −17.21 to –4.51 for high burnout). Burnout accounted for over half of the effect of perceived stress on PCMC.ConclusionThe provider PCMC scale is a valid and reliable measure of provider self-reported PCMC and highlights inadequate provision of PCMC in Kenya and Ghana. Provider burnout is a key driver of poor PCMC that needs to be addressed to improve PCMC.

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Psychometrics of Persian Version of the Ageism Survey Among an Iranian Older Adult Population During COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.683291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Long She ◽

Ratneswary Rasiah ◽

Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani ◽

Omolhoda Kaveh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Older Adult ◽

Adult Population ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Persian Version ◽

Older Adult Population

Background: Studies have revealed an increase in discrimination, neglect, and abuse among the older adult population during this period. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ageism survey instrument tested on a sample of the Iranian older adult population during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. An important move in counteracting ageism is to classify the ageism scale comprehensively by employing adequate psychometrics.Methods: The Persian version of the ageism scale was developed using a two-step procedure. The first step involved translating and revising the original scale to develop a Persian version of the ageism scale. The second step involved assessing the psychometric features of the newly adapted scale using construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and thereafter assessing the reliability through the average inter-item correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha. The sample consisted of 400 older adults (age 65 and older), who were recruited through online data collection, with samples for EFA and CFA randomly selected from the total samples.Results: The Persian version of the ageism survey has three factors: age-related deprivation with five items, dignity with three items, and employment with three items; all of which explained 57.02% of the total variance. The outcome of the EFA was verified by the CFA, with internal consistency reliability being excellent (Cronbach's alpha was 0.725, 0.698, and 0.708 for the three factors).Conclusion: This study specifically offers a restructured three factors Persian version of the ageism survey for Iranian older adults with acceptable construct validity and reliability.

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Reliability and Validity Test of the Indonesian Version of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) to Measure Work-related Stress in Nursing

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v13i2.10673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Iwan Muhamad Ramdan

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Work Related Stress ◽

Work Related ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ◽

Related Stress ◽

Hamilton Anxiety

Introduction: Specific work characteristics have placed nurses as one of the professions with a high level of work-related stress. If not managed properly, work-related stress can cause adverse effects. Signs of stress can be seen in people's behavior, thinking or physical symptoms. One of a subjective measurement tool that is widely used to measure work-related stress is the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), however, the literature that discusses the results of the HAM-A translation, validity and reliability test in the nurse profession is still limited. This study aims to translate HAM-A into the Indonesian version, then test its validity and reliability in nurses.Methods: A Cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling method was conducted on 98 nurses from July to August 2018. The English version of HAM-A consists of 14 items has been a translation into Indonesian version. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to evaluate the construct validity and Cronbach's alpha scores were used to assess the internal consistency reliability of the Indonesian version of HAM-A.Results: Item construct validity based on the Pearson correlation ranged from 0.529 to 0.727, Cronbach’s alpha reliability was obtained at 0.756.Conclusion:The Indonesian version of the HAM-A fulfills the criteria of a reliable (fair acceptable criteria) and valid (good criteria) assessment tool to assess the work-related stress in the nursing profession.

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