scholarly journals Deep Soil Cores Reveal Large End‐of‐Season Residual Mineral Nitrogen Pool

ael ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 180055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Hirsh ◽  
Ray R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Pool

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate 1Ec, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Metal Barrier

Abstract The experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment I was water-seeded rice with continuous flood. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 May plots were treated with Ordram 1 at 27 lb/acre and fertilized with urea at 110.5 lb N/acre followed by a light incorporation into dry, cloddy soil (League) with a rake. Plots were then flooded and sown (12 May) with presprouted Gulfmont seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To prepare presprouted seed, dry seed was soaked in water for 24 h then drained and allowed to air dry for 24 h before planting. Flood depth was about 4 inches and rice emerged through water 18 May–6 d after planting. Karate treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 30 gpa. Furadan was applied with a hand-held shaker jar at the rate and time shown in Table 1. On 12 Jun (25 d after emergence of rice through water) 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and immature RWW recovered. At maturity (24 Aug) plots were harvested with a small combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5 and all data analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and, where appropriate, DMRT.

Nitrogen and chloride concentration in deep soil cores related to fertilization

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Salameh Al-Jamal ◽  
T.W Sammis ◽  
T Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil

Isomer-specific investigation of PCDD/F mobility and other fate processes in deep soil cores

Chemosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Grant ◽  
Gavin Stevenson ◽  
Don Malcolm ◽  
Markus Zennegg ◽  
Caroline Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 80698A 75 Fs Applied Before the Permanent Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 4 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and hand planted with untreated or treated seed at 100 lb seed/acre. EXP 80698A 75 FS was applied to seed at the rates in the table. Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company provided the treated seed. Also on 4 May, selected plots were tested with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates in the table using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. Immediately after planting and applying fertilizer and insecticide, dry League soil in plots was raked to incorporate urea, seed and insecticide. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (24-48 h temporary flooding, then draining). Rice emerged through soil on 14 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 4 Jun (21 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. On 18 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 19 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 173 lb/acre. On each of 29 Jun and 11 Jul (25 and 37 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (6 Sep = 115 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 80698A 75 Fs Applied After the Permanent Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides and fertilizer. On 1 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and planted with 100 lb of untreated or EXP 80698A 75 FS-treated seed/acre at the rate shown in the table. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into dry league soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (24-48 h temporary flooding, then draining). Rice emerged through soil on 9 May. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. Immediately before the permanent flood on 30 May (21 d after emergence of rice through soil), selected plots were treated with EXP 80698A 75 FS at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre. On 2 Jun, (3 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with EXP 80698A 75 FS at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre and Karate at 0.03 lb (AI)/acre. All liquid insecticides were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens) hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 16 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 and 30 lb nitrogen/acre, respectively; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 193 lb/acre. On each of 25 Jun and 10 Jul (26 and 41 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (5 Sep = 119 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Diflubenzuron–Eup Experiment,1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
M.O. Way ◽  
R.G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Experimental Use

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 4 treatments. Plot size was 4.77 acres. One d before planting, plots were fertilized by air with 55 lb nitrogen and 40 lb phosphorus/acre. Fertilizer was incorporated with a “do-all” On 23 Mar plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) at 90 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Labelle. Seed was treated with Apron-FI, Vitavax 200 Flowable, Zinc Starter, and Release LC. After planting, plots were “rolled” to help cover seed and to create a firm seedbed. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24h then drain) 2 Apr. Rice emerged 11 Apr. Rice was flush irrigated as needed until application of the permanent flood on 5 May (24 d after rice emergence). On 24 Apr, Facet 75DF and Stam 4E at 0.5 lb and 2 qt/acre, respectively, were applied by air. Urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre was applied by air on 3 May. All diflubenzuron treatments and Furadan 3G were applied by air. Final spray volume for the diflubenzuron treatments was 10 gpa. On 30 May urea was applied by air at 55 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen for the season was 170 lb/acre. All aerial applications were made by M&M Air Service of Beaumont. On each of 26 May and 13 Jun (21 d and 39 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), twenty 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 7 Aug, plots were harvested with a John Deere 9400 combine. For yield data, 3 swaths (each swath 400 ft X 12 ft) in each plot were cut and total grain weight recorded. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed usingx + 0.5 and analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and LSD.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil Applied Post-Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Cul-Ture,1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
M.O. Way ◽  
R.G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Spray Treatment

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 10 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, dry plots were planted by hand with dry seed at 90 lb/acre. Designated plots received fipronil-treated seed which was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into the soil (League clay) with a rake. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24 h then drain) following incorporation. Rice emerged 19 Apr. From emergence of rice through the soil to application of the permanent flood on 10 May (21 d after rice emergence), plots were flush irrigated as needed. On 30 Apr, plots were treated with Stam 4E and Basagran at 4.0 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Immediately prior to the permanent flood, plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same date and before the permanent flood, designated plots were treated with a fipronil spray treatment using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2 Final spray volume was 34.8 gpa. This treatment was not incorporated. Designated plots were also treated with fipronil, Dimilin 25 WP, and Karate 1EC spray treatments at the rates and specific times after the permanent flood as described in the accompanying table. These treatments were applied as above. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 11 d after the permanent flood with a hand-held shaker jar. Plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre on 10 Jun; thus, total nitrogen applied to the plots for the entire growing season was 170 lb/acre. On each of 4 Jun and 3 Jul, five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity, plots were harvested (19 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Dynamics of mineral nitrogen in topsoil, during regrowth of pasture in two contrasting grassland systems

1991 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
B.E. Ruz-Jerez ◽  
P.Roger Ball ◽  
R.E. White
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Net Mineralisation ◽  
Organic Combination ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Intensive System

Changes in soil mineral nitrogen(N) were monitored during regrowth of pasture between consecutive grazings in two contrasting grassland systems; Grass-clover (the norm in NZ) and a more intensive system, Grass+N400 (pure grass + 400 kg fertiliser N/ha/year). The experiment was carried out during autumn at DSIR Grasslands.Palmerston North. Net mineralisation of N under field conditions was estimate_d- i~n- an ancillary experiment, using soil samples from undisturbed soil cores contained in PVC tubes. The dynamics of mineral N in soil were dominated by a 'pulse' of ammonium, observable soon after grazing. Nitrification proceeded rapidly thereafter. Mineral N in soil then progressively declined, much of it going into organic combination presumably through uptake by plants. Since nitrate formation in the soil is minimised by maximising the residence time of N in plant (organic) form, differentmanagementoptions(varyinginfrequency and intensity of defoliation) may have important influences, not only on pasture utilisation and production, but also on the management of mineral N in the soil-plant-animal complex. Tubes embedded in soil and incubated in the field have provided some additional, useful perspectives. There was only limitedevidence for significant net mineralisation of organic N throughout the period of regrowth. Analyses of individual soil cores demonstrated a sharp contrast between the pasture at large and the 10 - 15% of total area influenced by urine from the previous grazing, in terms of mineral N content. 'Averaging' these by bulking numerous cores into a composite sample can provide an accurate quantitative estimate of mineral N, which can be related to herbage uptake of N over the whole area. But if losses of N (by leaching or volatilisation) are disproportionate to the concentration of mineral N in affected and unaffected volumes of soil, then bulking samples and averaging will not be the most appropriate way to estimate these losses. The results of this study point to the importance of the urine of grazing ruminants as a N substrate for pasture regrowth in the absence of fertiliser N. At the same time, urine patches provide the main avenue for Nescape to the wider environment from developed pastures. Keywords mineral N, N in pastures, N cycling by animals

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Drill-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture at Eagle Lake, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace ◽  
J. Vawter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Eagle Lake

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAES Western Area Operations at Eagle Lake. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide and fertilizer. Plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) on 15 Apr at 80 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Nada. Plots were fertilized at planting with 45 lb nitrogen/acre, 38 lb phospho-rus/acre, and 40 lb potassium/acre. Rice emerged through soil on 25 Apr. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 22 May (27 d after application of the permanent flood), plots were flush irrigated (24 h temporary flood then drain) as needed. On 24 Apr, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 1 qt/acre, Bolero 8 EC at 2 pt/acre and Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre. On 16 May, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 3 qt/acre, Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre, and Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 21 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre. On 24 May (2 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Karate at the rates shown in the table using a 4-nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 1.60 gpa. At the time of Karate application, adult RWW were present in the plots. On 5 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a handheld shaker jar. On 13 Jun, plots were sprayed with Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 25 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the entire growing season was 155 lb/acre. On each of 12 Jun and 25 Jun (21 and 34 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4-inch-diam X 4-inch-deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 12 Jul, plots were sprayed with Sevin XLR Plus at 1 qt/acre to control rice stink bug. The middle 8 rows of each plot were harvested on 26 Aug (123 d from emergence of rice through soil). Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

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