Late‐Winter No‐Till Seeding of Alfalfa into Autumn‐Suppressed Tall Fescue

This study compared the effect of weed control and orchard floor management (OFMA) options including organic mulch on summer annual weed interference in a newly established peach orchard. Weed interference where no preemergence (PRE) herbicides were applied, including vole damage, caused 29% peach tree mortality, reduced tree trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) 62% by the fourth year of orchard establishment, and reduced fruit yield and fruit number in 1999 by 73 and 75%, respectively, but had no effect on fruit size. Compared with a no-till or conventionally tilled orchard floor, the population of grassy weeds within the tree row was greater in killed perennial ryegrass sod (PRS) plus hard fescue residue mulch treatments but was less in killed PRS plus tall fescue residue mulch treatments. Among the no-PRE treatments, the tree row broadleaf weed populations were suppressed in killed PRS with or without the addition of fescue residue mulch to the tree row when compared with the no-till or conventionally tilled orchard floor treatments. PRE herbicide treatments strongly affected peach fruit yield and TCSA but not average fruit size. There was no effect among the killed PRS, with or without hard or tall fescue residue mulch treatments, on peach fruit yield, TCSA, or average fruit size when compared with the no-till or conventionally tilled orchard floor treatment options. All treatments with herbicide had higher yields in 1999 than those without herbicides.

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DISTRIBUTION OF THE STALK BORER PAPAIPEMA NEBRIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN NO-TILL CORN

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.428 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 428-436

Author(s):

H. Brett Highland ◽

James E. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Plant Species ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Field Margins ◽

Stalk Borer ◽

No Till ◽

The Mean ◽

Corn Fields ◽

Mean Variance ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Significantly higher numbers of stalk borer (SB) Papaipema nebris (Guenée) larvae infested no-till corn seedlings were found adjacent to (ie. ca 4 m) field margins, compared to numbers found 30 meters from field margins. Plant species abundant in the areas surrounding SB infested no-till corn fields in southwestern Virginia included tall fescue, Fescuta arundinacea Schreb., and orchardgrass, Dactylus glomerata L. Contour and transect maps of infested fields from 1983 to 1985 suggested SB distribution to be clumped. This distribution was confirmed by high variance to mean ratios of 7.3, 5.8, 12.4, and 9.4 for 1983, 1984, 1985a and 1985b fields, respectively. Green's coefficient of dispersion and Morisita's coefficient of dispersion showed clumping of the SB independent of the mean, variance, and sample size. This is the first documentation that the SB infests fields predominantly on field borders, and the first quantification of the distribution of the SB in no-till corn.

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'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue seed production: research and practice

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1990.52.1959 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 77-80

Author(s):

M.D. Hare ◽

M.P. Rolston ◽

W.J. Archie ◽

J. Mckenzie

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Late Winter ◽

Winter Grazing ◽

Production Research ◽

Harvesting Techniques ◽

Seed Crops ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Autumn And Winter

Seed yields of 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) have ranged from 200 to 1450 kg/ha, with some hand harvested research plots producing 3600 kg/ha. Better management has increased seed yields, i.e., growing seed crops on deep, moistureretentive soils, lenient autumn and winter grazing, closing by late winter (mid July), applying 120 kg N/ha and careful harvesting techniques. Time of sowing, undersowing with barley crops, weed control and plant growth regulators are also discussed. Keywords tall fescue, seed production, Festuca arundinacea, 'Grasslands Roa'

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