Ion Activities and Ratios in Relation to Corrective Treatments of Soils

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
D. E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Ion Activities

Calculation of single-ion activities in solutions simulating blood plasma

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Covington ◽  
M. I. A. Ferra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ion Activities

Ion Activities and Osmotic Pressures in Clay-Water Systems1

1954 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Coleman ◽  
W. J. Jakobi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Activities

A continuous-flow system for the measurement of (Ca2+) ion activities in the fast kinetic mode

1981 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Affolter ◽  
Ernesto Carafoli
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Continuous Flow System ◽  
Ion Activities ◽  
Fast Kinetic ◽  
Kinetic Mode

Shunt resistance and ion permeabilities in normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelia

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. C1054-C1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Willumsen ◽  
R. C. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Shunt Resistance ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Airway ◽  
Intracellular Ion Activities ◽  
Ion Activities

A method for determination of shunt resistance (Rs) and absolute conductive ion permeabilities of the apical membrane in epithelia from steady-state data is described. The method assumes that the currents are satisfactorily described by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz regime. Its application requires measurements of standard transepithelial electrophysiological parameters and of one or more intracellular ion activities. It is applicable under both open- and short-circuit conditions. The method was tested in an electrophysiological analysis of cultured normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) human nasal epithelium. In 15 normal and 10 CF preparations with mean transepithelial resistances of 338 and 427 omega.cm2, Rs was 412 and 623 omega.cm2, respectively. The Rs values determined with the present method were strongly correlated (r = 0.94) with those obtained with another method available in the electrophysiological literature but were as a mean 20% lower. Amiloride increased Rs by 25% in CF and by 8% in normal preparations. In normal preparations, the apical Cl permeability (PCla) was 3.6 x 10(-6) cm/s, and the apical Na permeability (PNaa) was 1.6 x 10(-6) cm/s. In CF preparations, PCla was reduced to a maximum of 2.3 x 10(-7) cm/s, whereas PNaa was increased to 6.2 x 10(-6) cm/s. The apical membrane electromotive force was -1 mV in normal and 43 mV in CF preparations. It is concluded that the method can be used to calculate Rs, apical membrane ion permeabilities, and electromotive forces from steady-state electrophysiological data.

scholarly journals Sodium and Chloride Ion Activities in Polyacrylic Acid --- Polyacrylate Solutions at Various Degrees of Ionization.

1980 ◽  
Vol 34a ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
G. Olofsson ◽  
Anatoli Zacharov ◽  
Lauri Niinistö ◽  
Dinko Tuhtar ◽  
Johan Sjöblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Activities

scholarly journals Towards the Understanding of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes: Individual Ion Activities and Liquid Junction Potentials in Highly Concentrated Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Degoulange ◽  
Nicolas Dubouis ◽  
Alexis Grimaud
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Nernst Potential ◽  
Concentrated Electrolytes ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Ion Activities ◽  
Single Ion Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

Highly concentrated electrolytes were recently proposed to improve the performances of aqueous electrochemical systems by delaying the water splitting and increasing the operating voltage for battery applications. While advances were made regarding their implementation in practical devices, debate exists regarding the physical origin for the delayed water reduction occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Evidently, one difficulty resides in our lack of knowledge regarding ions activity arising from this novel class of electrolyte, it being necessary to estimate the Nernst potential of associated redox reactions such as Li<sup>+</sup> intercalation or the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this work, we first measured the potential shift of electrodes selective to either Li<sup>+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup> or Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions from diluted to highly concentrated regimes in LiCl or LiTFSI solutions. Observing similar shifts for these different cations and environments, we establish that shifts in redox potentials from diluted to highly concentrated regime originates in large from an increase junction potential, it being dependent on the ions activity coefficients that increase with concentration. While our study shows that single ion activity coefficients, unlike mean ion activity coefficients, cannot be captured by any electrochemical means, we demonstrate that protons concentration increases by approximatively two orders of magnitude from 1 mol.kg<sup>-1</sup> to 15-20 mol.kg<sup>-1</sup> solutions. Combined with the increased activity coefficients, this increases the activity of protons and thus the pH of highly concentrated solutions which appears acidic.

MEASUREMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR ION ACTIVITIES DURING ACUTE CORONARY OCCLUSION

1978 ◽  
pp. 1427-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Güggi ◽  
Manfred Kessler ◽  
Ferdinand Greitschus ◽  
Volker Wiegand ◽  
Werner Meesmann
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Acute Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Ion Activities
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