Impacts of Soil Phosphorus Drawdown on Snowmelt and Rainfall Runoff Water Quality

Kleinman, P. J. A., Sharpley, A. N., Budda, A. R., McDowell, R. W. and Allen, A. L. 2011. Soil controls of phosphorus in runoff: Management barriers and opportunities. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 329–338. The persistent problem of eutrophication, the biological enrichment of surface waters, has produced a vast literature on soil phosphorus (P) effects on runoff water quality. This paper considers the mechanisms controlling soil P transfers from agricultural soils to runoff waters, and the management of these transfers. Historical emphases on soil conservation and control of sediment delivery to surface waters have demonstrated that comprehensive strategies to mitigate sediment-bound P transfer can produce long-term water quality improvements at a watershed scale. Less responsive are dissolved P releases from soils that have historically received P applications in excess of crop requirements. While halting further P applications to such soils may prevent dissolved P losses from growing, the desorption of P from soils that is derived from historical inputs, termed here as “legacy P”, can persist for long periods of time. Articulating the role of legacy P in delaying the response of watersheds to remedial programs requires more work, delivering the difficult message that yesterday's sinks of P may be today's sources. Even legacy sources of P that occur in low concentration relative to agronomic requirement can support significant loads of P in runoff under the right hydrologic conditions. Strategies that take advantage of the capacity of soils to buffer dissolved P losses, such as periodic tillage to diminish severe vertical stratification of P in no-till soils, offer short-term solutions to mitigating P losses. In some cases, more aggressive strategies are required to mitigate both short-term and legacy P losses.

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Using Soil Phosphorus Measurements to Assess the Effectiveness of Subsurface-Band Application of Broiler Litter in Reducing Phosphorus Leaching

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasmeet Lamba ◽

Puneet Srivastava ◽

Subhasis Mitra ◽

Thomas R. Way

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Broiler Litter ◽

P Loss ◽

Subsurface Flows ◽

P Leaching

Abstract. Excessive delivery of phosphorus (P) from agricultural landscapes to surface waters results in water quality impairment. The method of application of broiler litter to agricultural fields significantly affects P loss to surface waters via surface and subsurface flow pathways from agricultural landscapes. Subsurface-band application of broiler litter can help reduce P loss in surface and subsurface flows. Typically, leachate samples are collected using lysimeters or subsurface flows are sampled to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in limiting P mobility. In this study, we tested a simple and inexpensive method of assessing effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter using ortho-P (PO4-P) measurements in soils. This method of measuring PO4-P concentration in soils showed that subsurface-band application of broiler litter helps to reduce P leaching, whereas surface application of broiler litter was not effective in reducing P leaching. The results of this study show that soil PO4-P measurements can be successfully used to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in reducing P leaching. Keywords: Leachate, Manure, Nutrient management, Phosphorus, Surface runoff, Water quality.

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Particle behaviour consideration to maximize the settling capacity of rainwater storage tanks

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.778 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M.Y. Han ◽

J.S. Mun

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Retention Time ◽

Storage Tank ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

System Configuration ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Rainwater Tank ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Rainwater Runoff

Design of a rainwater storage tank is mostly based on the mass balance of rainwater with respect to the tank, considering aspects such as rainfall runoff, water usage and overflow. So far, however, little information is available on the quality aspects of the stored rainwater, such as the behavior of particles, the effect of retention time of the water in the tank and possible influences of system configuration on water quality in the storage tank. In this study, we showed that the performance of rainwater storage tanks could be maximized by recognizing the importance of water quality improvement by sedimentation and the importance of the system configuration within the tank, as well as the efficient collection of runoff. The efficiency of removal of the particles was increased by there being a considerable distance between the inlet and the outlet in the rainwater storage tank. Furthermore, it is recommended that the effective water depth in a rainwater tank be designed to be more than 3 m and that the rainwater be drawn from as close to the water surface as possible by using a floating suction device. An operation method that increases the retention time by stopping rainwater supply when the turbidity of rainwater runoff is high will ensure low turbidity in the rainwater collected from the tank.

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Runoff Water Quality of Hydraulic Dredging Disposal Operations at Unconfined Disposal Sites in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway

Dredging '02 ◽

10.1061/40680(2003)144 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

X. Ching Wu ◽

Randy A. Knott

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Runoff Water

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Data Model and Relational Database Design for Highway Runoff Water-Quality Metadata

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr2000480 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory E. Granato ◽

Steven Tessler

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Relational Database ◽

Data Model ◽

Database Design ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Highway Runoff

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High Resolution Measurements of Pollution Wash-Off from an Asphalt Surface

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1992.0017 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 245-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Å. Spångberg ◽

J. Niemczynowicz

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

High Resolution ◽

Time Resolution ◽

Quality Data ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

Urban Catchment ◽

Complex Process ◽

Surface Measurements ◽

Fine Time

The paper describes a measurement project aiming at delivering water quality data with the very fine time resolution necessary to discover deterministic elements of the complex process of pollution wash-off from an urban surface. Measurements of rainfall, runoff, turbidity, pH, conductivity and temperature with 10 sec time resolution were performed on a simple urban catchment, i.e. a single impermeable 270 m2 surface drained by one inlet. The paper presents data collection and some preliminary results.

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Long-Term (15 Years) Results of NPS Controls in an Agricultural Watershed upon a Receiving Lake's Water Quality

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0447 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 441-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paul J. Garrison ◽

Timothy R. Asplund

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Water Clarity ◽

Management Control ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Control Measures ◽

Phosphorus Loading ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

White Clay

Nonpoint source controls were installed in a 1215 ha agricultural watershed in northeastern Wisconsin in the late 1970. Changes were made in handling of animal wastes and cropping practices to reduce runoff of sediment and nutrients. Modelling results predicted a reduction in phosphorus runoff of 30 percent. The water quality of White Clay Lake has worsened since the installation of NPS controls. The lake's phosphorus concentration has increased from a mean of 29 µg L−1 in the late 1970s to 44 µg L−1 in recent years. Water clarity has declined from 2.7 to 2.1 m and the mean summer chlorophyll levels have increased from 9 to 13 µg L−1 with peak values exceeding 40 µg L−1. Increased phosphorus loading is not the result of elevated precipitation but instead the failure of the control measures to sufficiently reduce P loading. Most of the effort was placed on structural changes while most of the P loading comes from cropland runoff. Further, soil phosphorus concentrations have increased because of artificial fertilizers and manure spreading. The White Clay Lake experience is discouraging since the majority of the polluters in this watershed utilized some NPS control practices, including 76 percent of the farms which installed waste management control facilities.

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Nutrient, pH, Alkalinity, and Ionic Property Levels in Runoff Containment Basins in Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and Virginia Ornamental Plant Nurseries

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11647-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 641-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Warren E. Copes ◽

Haibo Zhang ◽

Patricia A. Richardson ◽

Bruk E. Belayneh ◽

Andrew Ristvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Water Quality Parameter ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Manganese Zinc ◽

Water Ph ◽

Parameter Values

Nine runoff containment basins (RCBs), used directly or indirectly for irrigating plants in ornamental plant nurseries, and one adjacent stream were sampled for water quality between Feb. and July 2013 in Maryland (MD), Mississippi (MS), and Virginia (VA). Triplicate water samples were taken monthly. Analysis was done for 18 water quality variables including nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and total-phosphorus (T-P), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, aluminum, boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese, zinc (Zn), pH, total alkalinity (T-Alk), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium. Additionally, 15 RCBs from 10 nurseries in Alabama (AL), Louisiana (LA), and MS were sampled in 2014 and 2016. Most prevalent correlations (P = 0.01) were between macronutrients, EC, B, Fe, and Zn, but none were prevalent across a majority of RCBs. Water quality parameter values were mostly present at low to preferred levels in all 25 waterways. Macronutrient levels were highest for a RCB that receives fertility from fertigation derived runoff. Water pH ranged from acidic to alkaline (>8). Results of this study show water quality in RCBs can be suitable for promoting plant health in ornamental plant nurseries, but also shows levels will vary between individual RCBs, therefore demonstrates need to verify water quality from individual water sources.

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