Amino Acid and Protein Changes during Cold Acclimation of Green‐Type Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) Ecotypes

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dionne ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
Paul Nadeau ◽  
Yves Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Freezing Tolerance and Carbohydrate Changes during Cold Acclimation of Green‐Type Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) Ecotypes

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dionne ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
Paul Nadeau ◽  
Yves Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

A Trp574 to Leu Amino Acid Substitution in the ALS Gene of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Is Associated with Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
Zhuoyu Wang ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass is commonly controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in managed turfgrass. An annual bluegrass population with suspected resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was collected from Grand National Golf Course in Opelika, AL (GN population). Subsequent testing confirmed resistance of the GN population to foramsulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, bispyribac-sodium (bispyribac), and imazaquin when compared to a susceptible population collected locally at Auburn University (AU population). Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed a point mutation resulting in an amino acid substitution at Trp574. Cloning of the ALS gene surrounding the Trp574 region yielded two distinct ALS gene sequences: one producing Trp574 and one producing Leu574. Trp574 to Leu has been previously correlated with resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Both AU and GN gene sequences contained other similar silent and missense mutations. This research confirms resistance of annual bluegrass to ALS-inhibiting herbicides with Trp574 to Leu amino acid substitution being the most likely mode of resistance based on past literature.

Inheritance of Flowering Pattern among Four Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) Genotypes

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Johnson ◽  
Donald B. White
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Mitich
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The grasses or Poaceae (Gramineae) comprise some 9,000 species grouped into about 650 taxa. Although not the largest, the family is ecologically the most dominant and economically the most important in the world (Heywood 1993).

Control ofPoa annuaby Suppression of Seedheads with Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Watschke ◽  
F. W. Long ◽  
J. M. Duich
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the degree to which annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) could be controlled by inhibiting seedheads. The materials used were: MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione); chlorflurenol (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate), plus methyl 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate, and methyl 2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate; and endothall [7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid]. The effects of these materials on pollen quality and the viability of seed produced by treated plants were also determined. For all chemicals used, multiple applications at low rates resulted in better seedhead inhibition than single treatments at higher rates and their effects lasted longer. However, treatments that inhibited seedheads by an amount predicted to reduce annual bluegrass (more than 75%) often caused objectionable foliar discoloration. Endothall, particularly the granular formulation, caused excessive injury at all rates. All growth regulators reduced the number of seed produced, which affected the number of seeds that germinated from soil that was taken from treated plots. The number of seed found in the soil was sufficient to allow the stand to be self-perpetuating. All treatments reduced the percentage of fertile pollen, however, this reduction was not significant because the germination of seed harvested from treated plants was not reduced significantly. Even though these treatments reduced seedheads significantly, the population of annual bluegrass the following year was not reduced.

Herbicides for Container Grown Nursery Stock

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Common Groundsel

Over a 3-yr period 10 herbicides were tested alone or in combination for control of weeds and for effects on growth of nursery stock in containers. Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) was controlled by norea [3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea], alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], and combinations of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamid), trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] plus simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine]. Bittercress (Cardamine oligospermaNutt.) was controlled by simazine, oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], and norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. Mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatumL.) was controlled by dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) and norflurazon, and common groundsel (Senecio vulgarisL.) was controlled by dichlobenil and norflurazon. Some of the treatments decreased growth of certain nursery cultivars.

Herbicide Programs for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Control in Nebraska

cftm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. cftm2015.0221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Reicher ◽  
Matt Sousek ◽  
Matt Giese
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Biotypes Exhibit Differential Levels of Susceptibility and Biochemical Responses to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Mark A. Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance

AbstractAn annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) biotype with limited susceptibility to POST flumioxazin applications was identified in Georgia. The objectives of this research were to quantify tolerance levels of this biotype (R-biotype) to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors and characterize physiological responses to flumioxazin. In dose–response experiments on 3- to 5-tiller plants, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone rates required to reduce dry-shoot biomass 50% from the nontreated were >14.5 and 10.4 times greater for the R-biotype, as compared with a susceptible (S)-biotype, respectively. Establishment of the R-biotype from seed was completely controlled by PRE applications of flumioxazin and oxadiazon, similar to the S-biotype. Tank mixtures of chlorpyrifos with flumioxazin did not enhance biomass reductions of the R-biotype, suggesting that tolerance levels may not be related to cytochrome P450–associated metabolism. In laboratory experiments, the R-biotype averaged 27% less electrolyte leakage, as compared with the S-biotype, after flumioxazin treatments. Lipid peroxidation in the R-biotype, as measured by malondialdehyde levels, averaged 25% less than the S-biotype at 72 h after broadcast flumioxazin treatments at 280 and 560 g ha−1. The tolerance to POST applications of PPO inhibitors in thisP. annuabiotype is associated with less lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage as compared with the S-biotype. These biochemical differences in biotypes may contribute to erratic levels of POST control from flumioxazin and could contribute to PPO-inhibitor resistance.

Preemergence Control of Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) 1

1964 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass
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