Firm Entry, Competitive Pressures and the US Inflation Dynamics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Cecioni
Keyword(s):  
Firm Entry ◽  
Inflation Dynamics ◽  
The Us

Firm entry through e-commerce in the U.S. agricultural input distribution industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes ◽  
James Kaufman ◽  
Xinghe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
End Users ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
Input Distribution ◽  
The Us ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
The U.S

US agricultural input supply chains have been chronically burdened with excess inventories and inefficient coordination. In the late 1990s, new e-commerce firms sought to streamline the chain by efficiently connecting end-users with upstream suppliers while displacing incumbent intermediaries. Despite promising conditions, e-commerce entrants have been only marginally successful in the US agricultural input markets while incumbents have remained firmly in place. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to examine the conditions under which e-commerce firms could enter and disintermediate agricultural input markets. We then evaluate these conditions against empirical evidence for the 1998-2000 period — when most e-commerce firm entry occurred in the US-and provide an explanation for the apparent failure of many of the early entrants.

scholarly journals Inflation dynamics in a dollarised economy: The case of Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Kavila ◽  
P Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Inflation Dynamics ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
The Us ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Main Determinants

This paper explores the dynamics of inflation in the dollarised Zimbabwean economy using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with monthly data from 2009:1 to 2012:12. The main determinants of inflation were found to be the US dollar/South African rand exchange rate, international oil prices, lagged Zimbabwean inflation rate and South African inflation rate. During the local currency era, inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe were explained by excess growth in money supply, changes in import and administered prices, unit labour costs and output (Chhibber, Cottani, Firuzabadi & Walton 1989). According to Makochekanwa (2007), hyperinflation during the same era was attributed to excess money supply growth, lagged inflation and political factors. Coorey, Clausen, Funke, Munoz & Ould-Abdallah (2007) affirmed these findings by identifying excess money supply growth as a source of high inflation in Zimbabwe during the local currency era. In essence, the findings of this study point to a shift in inflation dynamics in Zimbabwe. This shift in inflation dynamics means that policies, which were used to respond to both internal and external shocks that have an impact on price formation, might not be applicable in a dollarised economy.

scholarly journals Regional Inflation Dynamics within and Across Euro Area Countries and a Comparison with the Us

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Hubrich ◽  
Massimiliano Marcellino ◽  
Günter W. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Inflation Dynamics ◽  
The Us

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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