The Implications of Summer Learning Loss for Value-Added Estimates of Teacher Effectiveness

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Gershenson ◽  
Michael S Hayes
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Gershenson ◽  
Michael S. Hayes

School districts across the United States increasingly use value-added models (VAMs) to evaluate teachers. In practice, VAMs typically rely on lagged test scores from the previous academic year, which necessarily conflate summer with school-year learning and potentially bias estimates of teacher effectiveness. We investigate the practical implications of this problem by comparing estimates from “cross-year” VAMs with those from arguably more valid “within-year” VAMs using fall and spring test scores from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K). “Cross-year” and “within-year” VAMs frequently yield significant differences that remain even after conditioning on participation in summer activities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-349
Author(s):  
Allison Atteberry ◽  
Daniel Mangan

Papay (2011) noticed that teacher value-added measures (VAMs) from a statistical model using the most common pre/post testing timeframe–current-year spring relative to previous spring (SS)–are essentially unrelated to those same teachers’ VAMs when instead using next-fall relative to current-fall (FF). This is concerning since this choice–made solely as an artifact of the timing of statewide testing–produces an entirely different ranking of teachers’ effectiveness. Since subsequent studies (grades K/1) have not replicated these findings, we revisit and extend Papay’s analyses in another Grade 3–8 setting. We find similarly low correlations (.13–.15) that persist across value-added specifications. We delineate and apply a literature-based framework for considering the role of summer learning loss in producing these low correlations.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McEachin ◽  
Allison Atteberry

State and federal accountability policies are predicated on the ability to estimate valid and reliable measures of school impacts on student learning. The typical spring-to-spring testing window potentially conflates the amount of learning that occurs during the school year with learning that occurs during the summer. We use a unique dataset to explore the potential for students’ summer learning to bias school-level value-added models used in accountability policies and research on school quality. The results of this paper raise important questions about the design of performance-based education policies, as well as schools’ role in the production of students’ achievement.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Lance Ozier

Summer camps and school classrooms are intersecting institutions, both complementing the learning lives of young people. Each summer at camp children enjoy recreational, artistic, nature, and adventure programs that can help them acquire important skills that are not always or explicitly taught in the classroom. Campers practice sportsmanship, positive peer relations, social skills, and a sense of belonging. These activities develop the mindsets and noncognitive factors necessary to reduce summer learning loss and increase academic achievement when campers once again return to school as students in the fall. Including summer camps as a landscape on the education spectrum is essential to shaping more appropriate versions of teaching and learning—versions open to embracing and valuing all settings and the links that exist between these spaces.


2021 ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Edward Watson ◽  
Bradley Busch

2020 ◽  
pp. 000283122093728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Atteberry ◽  
Andrew McEachin

Summer learning loss (SLL) is a familiar and much-studied phenomenon, yet new concerns that measurement artifacts may have distorted canonical SLL findings create a need to revisit basic research on SLL. Though race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status only account for about 4% of the variance in SLL, nearly all prior work focuses on these factors. We zoom out to the full spread of differential SLL and its contribution to students’ positions in the eighth-grade achievement distribution. Using a large, longitudinal NWEA data set, we document dramatic variability in SLL. While some students actually maintain their school-year learning rate, others lose nearly all their school-year progress. Moreover, decrements are not randomly distributed—52% of students lose ground in all 5 consecutive years (English language arts).


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Christine Caputo ◽  
Christy Estrovitz

Yay summer! At the end of every school year, children are excited to begin their summer vacations. During this time off many students also look forward to a summer enrichment camp, traveling with their families, visiting local museums and historical sites, or many other experiences.For many others, especially children and teens from low-income communities, their summer vacation is not full of learning opportunities. Research over the last several years indicates that children who do not participate in learning experiences over the summer year after year have an academic achievement gap that grows throughout the elementary and middle school years. This summer learning loss can add up to about two-thirds of the gap in reading achievement by ninth grade.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Zaromb ◽  
Rachel M. Adler ◽  
Kelly Bruce ◽  
Yigal Attali ◽  
JoAnn Rock

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Rozelle ◽  
Ann Haley MacKenzie

In a time when electronic devices dominate students' free time, students often stop learning in the summer and instead focus on sedentary indoor activities, like video games and television programs. Sociologists have documented that, for some students, summers result in little learning and contribute to an achievement gap. To help combat "summer learning loss," teachers should implement a summer biology project to provide students with hands-on, inquiry experiences promoting science learning. Assigning long-term activities to be completed during the summer months compels students to explore the outdoors, the learning-loss flow is slowed, and students are better prepared for the start of the next school term.


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