성별 교육불평등의 발생 원인과 기회비용에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Causes and Opportunity Costs of Gender Educational Inequality)

Discussions about the role of small enterprise in economic development tend to remain inconclusive partly because of the difficulty of assessing the relative importance of economic and non-economic objectives and partly because of the dearth of factual information on which to base an economic calculus. It is probably true, moreover, that, because of a lack of general agreement as to the economic case for or against small enterprise, non-economic considerations, including some merely romantic attitudes toward smallness and bigness, tend to exert an undue influence on public policies. There may, of course, be no clear-cut economic case. And noneconomic considerations should and will inevitably weigh significantly in policy decisions. If, however, some of the economic questions could be settled by more and better knowledge, these decisions could more accurately reflect the opportunity costs of pursuing non-economic objectives.

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The Politics of Educational Inequality in Ghana

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2502141 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai

Keyword(s):

Educational Inequality

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Economics and efficiency

10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Abel Olsen

Keyword(s):

Production Function ◽

Cost Efficiency ◽

Indifference Curve ◽

Opportunity Costs ◽

Consumer Theory ◽

Important Concept ◽

Know How ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Standard Production

This chapter, the longest in the book, explains the fundamentals of microeconomics and its application to the analysis of health and healthcare. The concepts of scarcity and opportunity costs lie at the heart of the economics discipline. Based on the standard production function with two input factors, the important concept of cost-efficiency is explained; and based on the premise of scarcity in the availability of input factors, the concept of opportunity costs is explained. An important insight from consumer theory is that people make trade-offs. Their preferences and income determine their chosen combination of goods, as illustrated by an indifference curve. An important piece of information for policymakers attempting to intervene in people’s demand for healthy, and unhealthy, goods is to know how sensitive demand is to changing prices and income. The chapter explains and defines elasticities of demand.

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The value of ecosystem services

10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Linus Blomqvist ◽

R. David Simpson

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Random Sample ◽

International Institutions ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Critical Examination ◽

Opportunity Costs ◽

Monetary Value ◽

Pollution Treatment ◽

Diminishing Returns

This chapter investigates whether the growing enthusiasm for ecosystem services recently expressed by conservation NGOs and international institutions is supported by evidence. Ecosystem services—the benefits humans receive from nature—have become the darlings of conservation on the assumption that the valuation of selected services may justify protecting land. A critical examination of a random sample of monetary valuations for regulating ecosystem services such as pollution treatment, finds that only onethird can be considered reliable, and that only ten percent of monetary value estimates can be transferred to other contexts. This suggests that the overall evidence base for assigning monetary value to nature is limited. Furthermore, diminishing returns, high opportunity costs, and technological substitutes might limit the amount of conservation that can be justified on the basis financial assessments of ecosystem services. As such, this chapter concludes that ecosystem services as a conservation strategy should not be embraced uncritically.

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Opportunity costs associated with the provision of student services: a case study of web-based lecture technology

Higher Education ◽

10.1007/s10734-013-9677-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ross H. Taplin ◽

Rosemary Kerr ◽

Alistair M. Brown

Keyword(s):

Student Services ◽

Opportunity Costs ◽

Web Based

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Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014)

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10571-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽

Gebretsadik Shibre ◽

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Educational Inequality ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

World Health ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. Methods Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. Results We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; − 25.94, − 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; − 16.09, − 7.55) and urban-rural (− 9.82, 95% CI; − 13.65, − 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. Conclusions Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.

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