Role of NGOs in Sustainable Development: Addressing Imbalances from the Shift in the Cooperation between Middle and Upper-Middle Income Countries (II) (Presentation Slides)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Callabero Serrano ◽  
Marianne Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Monitoring Sustainable Development Goals 3: Assessing the Readiness of Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Belinda Nabukalu ◽  
James Avoka Asamani ◽  
Juliet Nabyonga-Orem
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) availed opportunities for scaling up service coverage but called for stringent monitoring and evaluation (M&E) focusing mainly on MDG related programs. The Sustainable Development Goals 3 (SDGs) and the universal health coverage (UHC) agenda present a broader scope and require more sophisticated M&E systems. We assessed the readiness of low- and middle-income countries to monitor SDG 3. Methods: Employing mixed methods, we reviewed health sector M&E plans of 6 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa Region to assess the challenges to M&E, the indicator selection pattern and the extent of multisectoral collaboration. Qualitative data were analysed using content thematic analysis while quantitative data were analysed using Excel. Results: Challenges to monitoring SDG 3 include weak institutional capacity; fragmentation of M&E functions; inadequate domestic financing; inadequate data availability, dissemination and utilization of M&E products. The total number of indictors in the reviewed plans varied from 38 for Zimbabwe to 235 for Zanzibar. Sixty-nine percent of indicators for the Gambia and 89% for Zanzibar were not classified in any domain in the M&E results chain. Countries lay greater M&E emphasis on service delivery, health systems, maternal and child health as well as communicable diseases with a seeming neglect of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Inclusion of SDG 3 indicators only ranged from 48% for Zanzibar to 67% for Kenya. Although monitoring SDG 3 calls for multisectoral collaboration, consideration of the role of other sectors in the M&E plans was either absent or limited to the statistical departments. Conclusion: There are common challenges confronting M&E at county-level. Countries have omitted key indicators for monitoring components of the SDG 3 targets especially those on NCDs and injuries. The role of other sectors in monitoring SDG 3 targets is not adequately reflected. These could be bottlenecks to tracking progress towards SDG 3 if not addressed. Beyond providing compendium of indicators to guide countries, we advocate for a more binding minimum set of indicators for all countries to which they may add depending on their context. Ministries of Health (MoHs) should prioritise M&E as an important pillar for health service planning and implementation and not as an add-on activity.

scholarly journals Governance Roles and Capacities of Ministries of Health: A Multidimensional Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabir Sheikh ◽  
Veena Sriram ◽  
Benjamin Rouffy ◽  
Benjamin Lane ◽  
Agnes Soucat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Governance Roles

The lack of capacity for governance of Ministries of Health (MoHs) is frequently advanced as an explanation for health systems failures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). But do we understand what governance capacities MoHs should have? Existing frameworks have not fully captured the dynamic and contextually determined role of MoHs, and there are few frameworks that specifically define capacities for governance. We propose a multidimensional framework of capacities for governance by MoHs that encompasses both the "hard" (de jure, explicit and functional) and "soft" (de facto, tacit, and relational) dimensions of governance, and reflects the diversification of their mandates in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Four case studies illustrate different aspects of the framework. We hope that the framework will have multiple potential benefits including benchmarking MoH governance capacities, identifying and helping analyze capacity gaps, and guiding strategies to strengthen capacity.

Depression in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Minas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Social Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Global Understanding

This chapter provides an overview of what is known about prevalence, social determinants, treatment, and course and impact of depression in developing, or low- and middle-income, countries. The importance of culture in depression and in the construction and application of diagnostic classifications and in health and social services is highlighted, with a particular focus on the applicability of ‘Western’ diagnostic constructs and service systems in developing country settings. The role of international organizations, such as WHO, and international development programs, such as the SDGs, in improving our understanding of depression and in developing effective and culturally appropriate responses is briefly examined. There is both a need and increasing opportunities in developing countries for greater commitment to mental health of populations, increased investment in mental health and social services, and culturally informed research that will contribute to improved global understanding of mental disorders in general and depression in particular.

Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552098277
Author(s):  
Madhu Kharel ◽  
Alpha Pokharel ◽  
Krishna P Sapkota ◽  
Prasant V Shahi ◽  
Pratisha Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.

scholarly journals Peripheral Inotropes in Critically Ill Children: Is It Safe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110222
Author(s):  
Ravi K. Mooli ◽  
Kalaimaran Sadasivam
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Peripheral Venous Access ◽  
Vasoactive Medications

Many children needing pediatric intensive care units care require inotropes, which are started peripherally prior to securing a central venous access. However, many hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) may not have access to central lines and the vasoactive medications are frequently given through a peripheral venous access. Aim: The aim of our study was to describe the role of peripheral vasoactive inotropes in children. Methods: Children requiring peripheral vasoactive medications were included in this study. We retrospectively collected data at 2 time points on use and complications of peripheral vasoactive medications. Results: Eighty-four children (51 pre-COVID era and 33 COVID pandemic) received peripheral vasoactive medications. Only 3% of children (3/84) developed extravasation injury, all of whom recovered completely. Conclusions: Results from our study suggest that extravasation injury due to peripheral inotrope infusion is very low (3%) and it may be safely administered in children at a diluted concentration.

scholarly journals Toward Model-Generated Household Listing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Deep Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chew ◽  
Kasey Jones ◽  
Jennifer Unangst ◽  
James Cajka ◽  
Justine Allpress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While governments, researchers, and NGOs are exploring ways to leverage big data sources for sustainable development, household surveys are still a critical source of information for dozens of the 232 indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though some countries’ statistical agencies maintain databases of persons or households for sampling, conducting household surveys in LMICs is complicated due to incomplete, outdated, or inaccurate sampling frames. As a means to develop or update household listings in LMICs, this paper explores the use of machine learning models to detect and enumerate building structures directly from satellite imagery in the Kaduna state of Nigeria. Specifically, an object detection model was used to identify and locate buildings in satellite images. In the test set, the model attained a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.48 for detecting structures, with relatively higher values in areas with lower building density (mAP = 0.65). Furthermore, when model predictions were compared against recent household listings from fieldwork in Nigeria, the predictions showed high correlation with household coverage (Pearson = 0.70; Spearman = 0.81). With the need to produce comparable, scalable SDG indicators, this case study explores the feasibility and challenges of using object detection models to help develop timely enumerated household lists in LMICs.

DOES TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION SPUR HIGH-TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL QUANTILE REGRESSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
SIDHESWAR PANDA ◽  
RUCHI SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Technological Specialization

In view of the technological advances made by emerging economies, we revisit the role of technological specializations of different economies in determining their exports. Employing revealed technological advantage (RTA) index and revealed symmetric technological advantage (RSTA) index, this study explores the technological specialization of countries in different fields and its contribution to high-technology exports. Technological specializations are operationalized using patent data and further analyzed in context of country’s exports data of 63 countries during 2000–2013. Using panel quantile regressions analysis, this paper finds that technological specialization determines the export performance of countries in different categories. We find that middle-income countries are among the top countries with respect to few fields of technological specializations. Hence, there is a need to change the perspective whereby developing countries are viewed as mere technological follower. This finding has an implication for the role of patents in technological specialization and export performance, both of which are important factors in international competitiveness.

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