Mortgage Deposits and Entrepreneurship: Evidence From Spatial Discontinuity in Help-to-Buy Equity Loans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikodem Szumilo ◽  
Enrico Vanino
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Discontinuity

scholarly journals Indirect Colonial Rule Undermines Support for Democracy: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (14) ◽  
pp. 1858-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lechler ◽  
Lachlan McNamee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity

This article identifies indirect and direct colonial rule as causal factors in shaping support for democracy by exploiting a within-country natural experiment in Namibia. Throughout the colonial era, northern Namibia was indirectly ruled through a system of appointed indigenous traditional elites whereas colonial authorities directly ruled southern Namibia. This variation originally stems from where the progressive extension of direct German control was stopped after a rinderpest epidemic in the 1890s, and, thus, constitutes plausibly exogenous within-country variation in the form of colonial rule. Using this spatial discontinuity, we find that individuals in indirectly ruled areas are less likely to support democracy and turnout at elections. We explore potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence that the greater influence of traditional leaders in indirectly ruled areas has socialized individuals to accept nonelectoral bases of political authority.

Involvement of the prelimbic cortex in contextual fear conditioning with temporal and spatial discontinuity

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays Brenner Santos ◽  
Juliana Carlota Kramer-Soares ◽  
Vanessa Manchim Favaro ◽  
Maria Gabriela Menezes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Prelimbic Cortex ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity

scholarly journals Improvements of 6S Look-Up-Table Based Surface Reflectance Employing Minimum Curvature Surface Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Sang Lee ◽  
Chang Suk Lee ◽  
Minji Seo ◽  
Sungwon Choi ◽  
Noh-Hun Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Curvature Surface ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Relative Root ◽  
Minimum Curvature

AbstractWe propose a methodology employing an interpolation technique on the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal (6S) look-up table (LUT) to improve surface reflectance retrieval using Himawari-8/Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI). A minimum curvature surface (MCS) technique was used to refine the 6S LUT, and the solar zenith angle (SZA) and viewing zenith angle (VZA) increments were narrowed by 0.5°. The interpolation processing time was relatively short, about 3172 s per channel, and the interpolated xa and xb were well represented by the changes in SZA and VZA. An evaluation of the interpolated xa and xb for six cases revealed a relative mean absolute error of less than 5% for all channels and cases; however, a slight difference was evident for higher values of SZA and VZA. To evaluate the surface reflectance, we compared the surface reflectance derived using 6S LUT with that calculated using 6S only. Application of the interpolated 6S LUT showed a lower relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 0.65% to 9.29% for all channels, than before interpolation. The improvement in surface reflectance measurements increased with the SZA. For a SZA above 75°, the RRMSE improved significantly for all channels (by 11.33–45.1%). In addition, when the MCS method was applied, the surface reflectance measurements improved without spatial discontinuity and showed good agreement with 6S results in a linear profile analyses. Thus, the method proposed can improve LUT based surface reflectance measurements in less time and increase the availability of surface reflectance data based on geostationary satellites.

Localization Effects in Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson Metals With Damage Delocalization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Enakoutsa ◽  
Fazle R. Ahad ◽  
Kiran N. Solanki ◽  
Yustianto Tjiptowidjojo ◽  
Douglas J. Bammann
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Adiabatic Shear Band ◽  
Shear Banding ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Dissipation Energy ◽  
Plane Strain Tension ◽  
Nonlocal Evolution Equation ◽  
Rectangular Mesh ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity

The presence of softening in the Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson (BCJ) material model presents a major physical drawback: the unlimited localization of strain which results in spurious zero dissipated energy at failure. This difficulty resolves when the BCJ model is modified to incorporate a nonlocal evolution equation for the damage, as proposed by Pijaudier-Cabot and Bazant (1987). The objective of this work is to theoretically assess the ability of such a modified BCJ model to prevent unlimited localization of the strain. To that end, we investigate two localization problems in nonlocal BCJ metals: appearance of a spatial discontinuity of the velocity gradient in a finite, inhomogeneous body, and localization into finite bands. We show that in spite of the softening arising from the damage, no spatial discontinuity occurs in the velocity gradient. Also, we find that the dissipation energy is continuously distributed in nonlocal BCJ metals and therefore can not localize into zones of vanishing volume. As a result, the appearance of any vanishing width adiabatic shear band is impossible in a nonlocal BCJ metal. Finally, we study the finite element (FE) solution of shear banding in a rectangular mesh, deformed in plane strain tension and containing an imperfection, thereby illustrating the effects of imperfections on the localization of the strain.

scholarly journals Negative Space Theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
jianping Xue
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Negative Space ◽  
Space Expansion ◽  
New Research ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity

It is necessary to continue the research on the formation mechanism of gravitation, the formation mechanism of black hole, the formation mechanism of mass, and the mechanism of symmetry breaking. This study is dedicated to establish a new theory, and compare this new theory with the existing theory, testing self-consistency and rationality of this new theory. Based on the observed physical facts, the negative space theory is be put forward according to the principle of scale conservation and spatial discontinuity, that is, space expansion produces positive space and Huazi, and there is a trap field around Huazi. Comparison results show that the negative space theory can better reveal the above physical mechanism, and changed the previous understanding of these physical mechanism, open up a new research direction.

Effect of spatial discontinuity on short-term memory for melodic sequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2416-2416
Author(s):  
Audrey S. Wang ◽  
Lenny A. Varghese ◽  
Samuel R. Mathias ◽  
Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity
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