scholarly journals Millennials and the Gender Wage Gap: Do Millennial Women Face a Glass Ceiling?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo García ◽  
Diego Gonzales-Miranda ◽  
Óscar Gallo Vélez ◽  
Juan Román
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap

Glass Ceilings in Portugal?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women's Role

Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.

The gender wage gap among Spanish managers

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Scicchitano
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Sticky Floor ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of sticky floor and glass ceiling effects in the gender wage gap (GWG) among Spanish managers. In addition, the paper determines if the pay gap at every quantile is a result of the gender characteristic differences, or the differences in returns to those characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – The paper exploits a counterfactual decomposition analysis, using quantile regression, to decompose the GWG into one component that is based on differences in characteristics and one component that is based on differences in coefficients across the wage distribution. Findings – A significant GWG over all the wage distribution is found. Such a gap exhibits a clear U-shaped pattern, thus pointing out both significant sticky floor and glass ceiling effects. Furthermore, the paper shows that such pattern is mainly determined by the coefficient effect, whose relative incidence is almost continuously increasing along the wage distribution. Research limitations/implications – While it is difficult to give a definitive explanation for the significant U-shaped pattern in the GWG and for the bigger incidence of the glass ceiling, the authors suggest two possible explanations that are consistent with these findings. The paper leaves the identification of these explanations to future research. Practical implications – The pattern of rising coefficient effects at higher quantiles suggests that the glass ceiling is a more relevant question than the sticky floor. Indeed, at the highest wage quantiles, differences in characteristics make essentially no contribution to the overall wage gap. This suggests that upper-echelon female managers have the same characteristics as their male counterparts, which emphasizes the role of discrimination for these top-level jobs. Originality/value – Despite the general GWG has been largely investigated, the analysis of a wage differential among managerial workers has certainly drawn much less attention. In particular just a few papers have investigated the existence of sticky floors and glass ceiling among managers. In addition, as to Spain, there is no empirical survey investigating and decomposing the gender pay gap among managers.

scholarly journals Investigating the gender wage gap in Vietnam by quantile regression: Sticky floor or glass ceiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (S01) ◽  
pp. 04-23
Author(s):  
Anh Trần Thị Tuấn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Sticky Floor

Inequality between men and women in the labor market is one of the issues that is of great interest in labor economics. The sticky floor effect occurs when the gender wage gap widens at the lower tail of the wage distribution. The glass ceiling effect in wage exists if the gender wage gap at the top of the wage distribution is wider than other positions. This study uses the dataset of VHLSS2014 and adopts quantile regression to investigate the existence of glass ceiling and sticky floor in the Vietnam’s labor market. The overall results obtained of the entire sample show that there is sticky floor effect but no glass ceiling in the Vietnam’s labor market. However, the results are different when it comes to each labor group. In terms of urban and rural areas, the sticky floor exists, but the glass ceiling does not in both areas. In terms of state and private sectors, while the glass ceiling exists in state sector, the stick floor is only present in the private sector.

Gender wage gap and the glass ceiling effect: a firm‐level investigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barnet‐Verzat ◽  
François‐Charles Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Firm Level

scholarly journals Gender wage gap across the distribution: What is the role of within- and between-firm effects?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Employee Data

Abstract This paper studies the role of within- and between-firm effects on the gender wage gap (GWG). Using linked employer–employee data for Turkey for 2006 and 2014, we show that the wage gap among comparable men and women is much wider within establishments than between establishments. Our distributional analysis shows a more pronounced gap among highly paid workers, consistent with the presence of a glass-ceiling effect. This effect, however, is more apparent within establishments than between establishments, and it is the former that drives the economy-wide glass ceiling that women face. We also find that between 2006 and 2014, the GWG in Turkey widened at all points in the wage distribution, and that this widening was more pronounced within establishments than between establishments.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING THE WAGE GAP BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN. THE CASE OF GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2 (2017)) ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Staboulis
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
National Level ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Of Greece

Gender wage gap is an European and International socioeconomic phenomenon with a negative contribution to the efforts of social cohesion, integrity and creation of a solidarity economy. In national level, efforts for the identification and elimination of the gender pay gap have already started since 1970. Although, the phenomenon of the pay gap was been moderated, it still remains at levels above the European average. The analysis and confrontation of the multifactorial phenomenon requires a holistic approach. Women can actively contribute to employment and economic and social development through the improvement and enhancement of their skills and their general qualifications. However, their skills are often underestimated in respect to their payment and their hierarchy in the labour market. This paper studies the case of Greece by estimating the factors that generate the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling phenomenon through the analysis of micro data from 2010 Earnings Survey provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). We estimate pooled quantile regressions as well as quantile regressions, and we carry out a decomposition analysis by applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. The results reveal that the wage gap is mainly formed due to the discrimination of gender (men and women with the same characteristics receive different wages – female wages are significantly lower). Moreover, we approach the glass ceiling phenomenon which is mainly caused due to personal characteristics of individuals.

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