scholarly journals The 'English School' of International Law: Soundings via the 1972 Jubilee Essays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
English School

English School Methodology and Methods

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Navari
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
English School ◽  
Sociological Institutionalism ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Hedley Bull

Coming from an empirical historical tradition, English School theory has a strong inductive core, represented in its historical narratives, and a positive approach to international law. But its core text is strongly deductive: Hedley Bull derived the basic precept of international society from a set of logical premises to which he attached a truth value. Its methodologies have varied accordingly, between agent-centered and structure-centered approaches, and it has deployed a variety of methods in respect to each, including anthropological interpretivism with regard to agents and historical and sociological institutionalism with regard to structures. Its focus on the state and institutions means that it shares method with regime theorists, and its focus on Great Powers and great power responsibility means that it shares some methods with regard to classical realism.

scholarly journals THE CRISIS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY: CASE STUDY OF SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Obsatar Sinaga ◽  
Verdinand Robertua
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Great Power ◽  
English School ◽  
China Sea

This research discussed the impact of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to give South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on How to understand the crisis of international law in the international political economy using English School Theory in the case of South China Sea dispute? To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory (ES) with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be bargaining tool to obtain economic cooperation and appeased the failure of PCA ruling. Secondly, the PCA decision has provided momentum for China to transform their policy related to the South China Sea dispute with its role as the great power. Thirdly, the structure of international law as the primary institution would be consists of great power politics, ASEAN and economic diplomacy.   Key words: South China Sea, English School, Permanent Court of Arbitration, international political economy, international law   Abstrak   Penelitian ini membahas dampak keputusan Pengadilan Arbitrase mengenai sengketa Laut Cina Selatan. Keputusan pengadilan pada bulan Juli 2016 untuk memberi Laut Tiongkok Selatan berdasarkan peraturan UNCLOS telah memancing keberatan Tiongkok. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana memahami krisis hukum internasional dalam ekonomi politik internasional dengan menggunakan Teori English School dalam kasus perselisihan Laut Tiongkok Selatan? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, penelitian ini menggunakan Teori English School (ES) dengan dua pilarnya yaitu pluralisme dan solidarisme. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tiga temuan. Pertama, keputusan PCA telah digunakan oleh Filipina untuk menjadi alat tawar menawar untuk mendapatkan bantuan ekonomi  dari China dan meredakan ketegangan akibat keputusan PCA. Kedua, keputusan PCA telah memberi momentum bagi Tiongkok untuk mengubah kebijakan mereka terkait dengan perselisihan Laut Cina Selatan dengan memainkan perannya sebagai negara adikuasa. Ketiga, struktur hukum internasional sebagai institusi primer terdiri atas politik negara adikuasa, ASEAN dan diplomasi ekonomi.   Kata Kunci: Laut Tiongkok Selatan, English School, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Ekonomi Politik Internasional, hukum internasional

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas peran Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) di dalam resolusi konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan (LTS). Keputusan PCA yang menggunakan UNCLOS sebagai tata kelola LTS memprovokasi kemarahan Tiongkok. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana memahami peran hukum internasional dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan menggunakan teori English School. English School dengan kedua pilarnya pluralisme dan solidarisme menjadi pisau analisis utama untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, keputusan PCA digunakan sebagai Filipina sebagai momentum transformasi kebijakan luar negeri Filipina dari solidarisme menjadi pluralisme. Kedua, pilar pluralisme lebih relevan menjelaskan peran hukum internasional dalam sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan.Kata kunci: English School, hukum internasional, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralisme, solidarisme

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute with the addition of reconceptualization of legitimacy.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea

Liberal World Orders, Reciprocal and Hierarchic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
English School ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Practice Analysis ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Historical Practices

This chapter deals with the question of hierarchy in liberal orders. English School theorizing has, since Hedley Bull's seminal work, regarded reciprocal international society institutions such as international law as the foundations of international order. Yet recent scholarship has indicated that the way reciprocal institutions have historically been practised has portrayed international society institutions as being just as hierarchic as they are reciprocal. Drawing together English School theory and practice analysis in International Relations, the chapter illustrates how both reciprocity and hierarchies in liberal order emerge out of the historical practices of international politics. Examples look at the conventions of diplomacy and international law to understand continuity and change in liberal orders' hierarchies and reciprocal practices.

15. Traditional Theories in Global Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
English School ◽  
World War ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Post War

This chapter examines traditional theories in global politics. It begins with a discussion of early liberal approaches, with particular emphasis on liberal international theory whose proponents include U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and Norman Angell. Liberal international theory is characterised by an optimism concerning the prospects of a peaceful international order established through strong international institutions underpinned by international law. The chapter proceeds by considering the emergence of ‘realism’ as a general approach to the study of politics, along with the different approaches to the study of international politics following World War II, including positivism. It also explores the rise of the English School and the concept of international society before concluding with an analysis of neo-liberalism and neorealism that resulted from revisions of both liberalism and realism in the post-war period.

17. Traditional Theories in Global Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 386-407
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
English School ◽  
World War ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Post War

This chapter examines traditional theories in global politics. It begins with a discussion of early liberal approaches, with particular emphasis on liberal international theory whose proponents include U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and Norman Angell. Liberal international theory is characterised by an optimism concerning the prospects of a peaceful international order established through strong international institutions underpinned by international law. The chapter proceeds by considering the emergence of ‘realism’ as a general approach to the study of politics, along with the different approaches to the study of international politics following World War II, including positivism. It also explores the rise of the English School and the concept of international society before concluding with an analysis of neo-liberalism and neorealism that resulted from revisions of both liberalism and realism in the post-war period.

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