Does Human Capital Expansion Improve Urban Innovation? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from China's Higher Education Expansion Policy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Chen ◽  
GuiPing Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Expansion Policy

scholarly journals Brazilian Legal Education: Curricular Reform that Goes Further without Going Beyond

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 751-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fragale Filho
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Curricular Reform ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
Expansion Policy

The celebration of 180 years of legal education in Brazil, held in August 2007, was marked by strong criticism of the Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (Brazilian Bar Association) and the higher education expansion policy which was undertaken in the late 1990s, establishing more than a thousand law schools in the country. The escolas de enganação (schools of illusion), created mainly during the last decade, would have increased the numbers in the professional college, which currently has around 600,000 lawyers, to approximately two and a half million, if it were not for the professional filter of the Bar Exam. In other words, the proliferation of mass legal courses in Brazil would have enabled the emergence of educational merchants, specializing in the sale of an illusion of social elevation and professional success, which, thanks to the control of entry into the professional corporation, did not happen.

scholarly journals The Impact of Higher Education Expansion Policy on the Wage of College Graduates in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Wage Level ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Policy

Using a longitudinal survey data conducted from 1997 to 2011, this study employs an empirical study to provide evidence about the impact of the higher education expansion policy on the wage levels of college graduates in China. Major conclusions emerge. First, in general, the higher education expansion policy does not affect the wage level of young college graduates. Second, the difference of policy impact on wage by various wage percentiles is small. Third, the policy decreases the wage level of new college graduates in a short term and the negative effect disappears in a long term. Fourth, to consider the group heterogeneities of policy impacts, it is shown that both the differences between the Eastern, Central and Western Region groups and the gender gaps are small, whereas the policy impact differ by the urban and rural groups.

scholarly journals Higher Education Expansion and Return to Education in China: Evidence from CGSS2005 and CGSS2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Xinxin Ma ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Policy

We conducted an empirical study to estimate the private internal rate of return to years of schooling (IRR) in China during the period after the implementation of higher education expansion policy using data from the Chinese General Social Survey data conducted in 2006 and 2014 (CGSS2005, CGSS2013). The major conclusions are as follows: first, from 2005 to 2013, IRR decreased from 8.6% to 7.8% for the whole sample, IRR decreased from 8.3% to 7.4% for men, and IRR decreased from 9.0% to 8.2% for women. Second, IRR values among various education category groups are different. IRR is greater for the high-level education group than that for the middle and low-level education groups in both 2005 and 2013. Third, to consider the impact of the higher education expansion policy on IRR, the IRR of the university graduates decreased from 15.4% (2005) to 11.2% (2013), whereas the IRR of the graduate school graduates rose from 10.1% (2005) to 19.0% (2013). The effect of the policy on IRR differs between the university and graduate school graduates. Fourth, the IRR is higher for women than for men. There is a gender disparity for IRR; IRR is different by ownership types, registration system types, industrial and regional groups in both 2005 and 2013.

scholarly journals Sentiment Analysis of Public Opinions on the Higher Education Expansion Policy in China

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110407
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Shiyong Wu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Mingxi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Graduate Employment ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Permanent Resident ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Policy

Drawing on sentiment analysis, this study explores public opinions on the higher education expansion policy that was specifically implemented by China’s government to navigate graduate employment difficulties against the impact of COVID-19. The results indicated that the overall degree of acceptance of the expansion plan was highly positive, but some people expressed negative opinions and concerns about over-education and deferral of employment pressure. The results also suggested that the government is expected to deal with the balance between higher education expansion and graduate employment difficulties by prioritizing domestic graduate employment rather than opening up permanent resident applications for foreigners, allocating a regionally balanced expansion quota, covering social science disciplines, and creating more employment opportunities. The findings provide important suggestions for policymakers to improve policy practice and offer a referable sample for other countries in their management of graduate employment issues influenced by COVID-19.

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