PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, JUMLAH ANGKATAN KERJA, DAN TINGKAT UPAH TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PROVINSI BALI

The condition of labor absorption shows that the higher the unemployment rate, the higher the poverty, crime, and socio-economic phenomena in society. Absorption of labor is one of the supporters of economic development carried out by developing countries and has the aim, among others, to create equitable economic development. This study aims: 1) To determine the effect of economic growth, the number of the workforce, and the wage level simultaneously on the absorption of district/city workers in the Province of Bali; 2) To determine the effect of economic growth, the number of labor force, and the partial wage level on the absorption of labor in districts/cities in Bali Province. The data used is secondary data from 2010 – 2019 with quantitative and qualitative data types, then the data is processed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Economic growth, the number of labor force, and the level of wages simultaneously affect the absorption of labor; 2) Partially, economic growth has no effect on employment. The number of labor force and the wage level partially have a positive and significant effect on labor absorption.

Inequality in the Initial Wage of College Graduates at the College-Level Perspective

College graduates, as a labor force with high human capital accumulation, have the problem of initial wage inequality, which is worth paying attention to. Based on the collated micro-survey data form “Employment and Entrepreneurship Development Report of Chinese College Graduates”, which contains 339 samples from vocational colleges, 453 from common colleges, and 360 from key colleges, this study empirically analyzed the inequality of college graduates’ initial wages at the college level. We found that the initial wage income level of college graduates is significantly influenced by the college level. The higher the level is, the higher the initial wage. The initial wage of graduates from key colleges is the highest, and the income inequality between them and vocational college graduates is the most significant. Moreover, there are structural differences in the wage premium effect of the college level on college graduates with a change in wage level. In addition, the study found that there is an obvious gender wage difference among college graduates, and political status, academic ranking, and student cadre experience as well as the nature of the workplace all contributed to the formation of wage premiums to a certain extent.

The Costs of “Blue Sky”: Environmental Regulation and Employee Income in China

Strict environmental regulations may change the behavioral decisions of firms. Based on the exogenous impact of the Chinese Central Government’s inclusion of environmental performance in the assessment targets of municipal officials in 2007, this study uses the difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of environmental regulations on employee income. We find that (1) environmental regulations will significantly reduce the average wage level of employees in polluting industries and have no significant impact on nonpolluting industries. (2) This effect is more pronounced in eastern China, where environmental regulations are more stringent, and in areas where political promotion incentives are stronger. (3) Mechanistic analysis finds that environmental regulations will affect employee income by increasing costs and constraining financing. (4) More importantly, we find that the decline in the average wage level of firms is mainly due to the decline in the average wage level of ordinary employees, and the average wage level of management has not decreased significantly, which means that environmental regulations have expanded social income inequality. Our findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of the implementation of environmental regulatory policies and economic cost issues.

Determinants of Perceived Accessibility of Maternity Leave and Childcare Leave in South Korea

This study examined the determinants of perceived accessibility of maternity leave and childcare leave in South Korea. Although maternity leave and childcare leave are mandated in Korea, many employees are hesitant to use the policies. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine why some women are more likely than others to perceive the policies as inaccessible and to identify what those women’s characteristics are. The results revealed that nonregular workers were significantly less likely than regular workers with secure contracts to perceive the policies as accessible even though they were eligible for them. In addition, workers who worked in the private sector, did not belong to a labor union, worked in small firms, or worked long hours were significantly less likely to perceive the policies as accessible than those who worked in the public sector, belonged to a labor union, worked in large firms, or worked short hours. Further, workers with low salaries were significantly less likely than workers with high salaries to perceive the policies as accessible. The study underscores that accessibility of leave policies in Korea is significantly correlated with women’s employment status and wage level in the labor market.

The Relationship Between Firm Productivity, Wage Level and Employees’ Age: A Sectoral Perspective

We examine how a firm’s productivity level, wage level and productivity–wage gap are related to the age composition of its employees. Panel data of Norwegian firms in the following three sectors are used: the manufacturing sector, the WRT (wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles) sector, and the PST (professional, scientific and technical activities) sector. Three hypotheses are formulated: a firm’s productivity level is negatively affected by its proportion of the oldest workers (H1), a firm’s wage level is negatively affected by its proportion of the youngest workers, and positively affected by its proportion of the oldest workers (H2), and a firm’s productivity–wage gap is positively affected by its proportion of the youngest workers, and negatively affected by its proportion of the oldest workers (H3). Based on GMM regression in first differences, the estimation results give some support for (a) the hypothesis H1 for the WRT sector, but no support for the manufacturing and PST sectors, (b) H2 for the manufacturing and PST sectors, but little support for the WRT sector, and (c) H3 for the PST sector, but no support for the manufacturing and WRT sectors. The GMM results show that a firm’s productivity–wage gap is positively affected by the proportion of the youngest age group in the PST sector, while there is a non-significant effect in the manufacturing and WRT sectors. The proportion of the oldest age group has a non-significant effect on this gap in each of the three sectors. The results indicate that there is no clear evidence of an age-related productivity–wage gap.

Influence of Capital, Labor and Wage Levels on Production of Super Tofu Padang

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of capital, labor, and wage levels on company production. The research method uses quantitative descriptive with 36 samples from January 2016 until December 2018. Based on the partial t test it can be concluded that capital has a negative and significant effect on production. Based on the partial t test it can be concluded that the variable of labor does not affect production. Based on the partial t test it can be concluded that the wage level variable has positive and significant effect on production. Based on the simultaneous F test it can be said that capital, labor, and wage levels together affect production. The ability of the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable was 77.40%, while the remaining 22.60% was influenced by other variables apart from the variables studied

FUTURE MIGRATION DECISIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

The volatile political and institutional scene in Europe implies that future migration-related decision making can be re-assessed. Implications that migrants face might lead to a remarkable shift in migration trajectories and the need to adopt various future geographic mobility decisions. Therefore, this paper demonstrates to what extent the experimental approach can illustrate future migration-related decision making. This study explores the geographic selectivity of migration intensions of international students under four hypothetical scenarios. The data was collected in 2019 from a sample of international students in Latvia, accounting for 500 experimental participants.The findings suggest that majority of international students studying in Latvia would prefer relocation. Besides, it is indicative that institutional barriers such as the need for a visa are much less critical than economic conditions, wage level and overall quality of life. Such indicative factors as wage level increase in Latvia would substantially boost the possibility to stay in Latvia; however, changes related to family or personal reasons are essential triggers for the students to return to their home countries.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Justice in the Salary Structure: Practice or Symbolism?

Socially responsible companies should provide fair wages and maintain reasonable internal wage gaps as part of a commitment to workers as primary stakeholders of the organization. Our research seeks to clarify the influence of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) system on the salary level of unskilled workers and the magnitude of internal salary gaps between the highest and lowest levels of the organization. We used a sample of 815 companies that are representative of the Chilean business ecosystem and developed a linear regression model with endogenous treatment. Our results show that the declaration of a CSR program positively influences the wage level of unskilled workers but increases the magnitude of internal organizational wage gaps. These findings suggest a partial adherence of companies declaring CSR in terms of commitment to their employees.