Motives, benefits, and challenges of Higher Education expansion in China

China believes in education as an investment of human capital for future returns. It has been a long-time desire for the Chinese government to expand and invest in higher education. The leadership of Deng Xiaoping inspired Chinese people about education it should be open over the world, for the future, and towards modernization. The purpose of higher education in global views is to promote the development of a nation in political, economic, technical, and social spheres. There are gradual changes in higher education after the open policy in China, which influences the expansion of higher education institutions. Higher education acts as a tunnel to prepare several professionals and talents, which will be helpful to the social changes in science and social science programs. Global competence leads the Chinese government to expand higher education in enrollment rate and improves the quality of higher education in acquiring competent knowledge that copes with the global market. This paper focused on reviewing literary works on motives, benefits, and challenges of higher education expansion in China through reviewing different studies from local and international perspectives. From compulsory through higher education, the curriculum should place a greater emphasis on competency. To deal with the wind of unemployment caused by the rise of higher education in China, the government should encourage and support graduates to find innovative and creative skills. For China's economy to grow quicker, a well-educated society requires graduates to apply their skills to solve many societal problems.

The Law Enforcement Higher Education in the People’s Republic of China

The authors of the essay spent two weeks in the People’s Republic of China, where they had a chance to study the Chinese law enforcement higher education system. In this essay, the authors intend to share the experiences of these two weeks. Furthermore, they would like to shed light on the current standards and status of the law enforcement higher education in the People’s Republic of China, show those areas where they have fallbacks and set the course of the development of the Hungarian law enforcement leveraging Chinese ‘best practices’. We can declare that significant changes have taken place also on an international level regarding police and education. In China, not only the number of police staff has been increased but also the level of their professionalism. All the same, the crucial question remains as to what is more important: police higher education or police training/preparation courses. The first part of the study tends to present the law enforcement higher education in China with the major landmark events and phases of its development. The second part of the article introduces one of the most outstanding law enforcement higher educational institutes of the country, the People’s Public Security University of China (PPSUC), with special remarks on application, its admission requirements and process, curriculum structure, student life and their special training on criminalistics.

Educational Data Mining Techniques for Student Performance Prediction: Method Review and Comparison Analysis

Student performance prediction (SPP) aims to evaluate the grade that a student will reach before enrolling in a course or taking an exam. This prediction problem is a kernel task toward personalized education and has attracted increasing attention in the field of artificial intelligence and educational data mining (EDM). This paper provides a systematic review of the SPP study from the perspective of machine learning and data mining. This review partitions SPP into five stages, i.e., data collection, problem formalization, model, prediction, and application. To have an intuition on these involved methods, we conducted experiments on a data set from our institute and a public data set. Our educational dataset composed of 1,325 students, and 832 courses was collected from the information system, which represents a typical higher education in China. With the experimental results, discussions on current shortcomings and interesting future works are finally summarized from data collections to practices. This work provides developments and challenges in the study task of SPP and facilitates the progress of personalized education.

The incentivisation of English medium instruction in Chinese universities: policy misfires and misalignments

The growth of English medium instruction (EMI) in higher education in China over the past two decades has been promoted via implicit and explicit policies that aim to incentivise activities associated with the creation of English-taught courses and programs. This study investigates the components of such incentivisation schemes. It also explores how incentivisation policies are being implemented by policy arbiters, EMI programme directors, and EMI teachers. Data were collected from two sources: 93 institutional policy documents on EMI provision collected from 63 Chinese universities, and 26 interviews with senior university staff at a selection of eight Chinese universities. Results revealed that incentivisation policies focused on increased workload weighting for EMI courses, greater access to career development opportunities for teachers, increased monetary rewards, and dedicated financial support for creating and delivering courses. A comparison of policy and practice revealed areas of policy misfires and misalignments. EMI teachers considered the workload incentives insufficient and were not primarily motivated by financial rewards, but rather chose to teach in English for professional, academic, and personal intrinsic rewards; many viewed EMI at the core of their teacher-researcher academic identities. The paper concludes with recommendations to better align incentivisation policies with the driving forces attached to EMI in China.

How to kill two birds with one stone: EMI teachers’ needs in higher education in China

Since their implementation in China’s tertiary education system two decades ago, EMI programmes have been reported largely less successful and more problematic than envisioned. Although portrayed as killing two birds with one stone, whereby both subject content learning and English language proficiency can be achieved in the same classroom, EMI has in reality been revealed to present a series of thorny problems, from teaching quality to learning achievements, from teachers’ insufficient language proficiency to students’ unsatisfactory academic outcomes. This paper addresses one of the critical issues in EMI implementation: what teachers need in order to bring about successful language learning as well as adequate subject content learning. Data sources include a questionnaire collected from different disciplinary programmes across universities in China (n = 158), and interviews of nine lecturers from both key and non-key universities. The results suggest that the needs of these EMI lecturers cover a variety of areas, including institutional support as well as needs for professional and pedagogical training. Our findings indicate that there are similarities and differences in teacher needs between key and non-key universities with regard to institutional support and training programmes. The findings suggest that epistemic environments as well as goal-oriented pedagogical activities and adequate discourse strategies are necessary to enhance the learning experience of the students, facilitate the integration of content and language learning, and empower teachers and students to identify the best classroom practices. The needs analysis is instrumental for developing both in-service and pre-service training programmes for EMI implementation in higher education and crucial if the goal of ‘killing of two birds with one stone’ is to be achieved.

The Impacts of Transportation Sustainability on Higher Education in China

Improving transportation sustainability serves as a means of reducing the perceived and real distance, thereby contributing to the city and higher education development. In this paper, the complexity of transport sustainability is measured via four different dimensions: economy, society, environment and politics. The variables are designed by the four dimensions. The higher education development is measured via the ratio of higher education degree holders, reflecting the skilled work mobility. Over the last 30 years, university students moving to cities for study and work purposes have become an important part of rural–urban transition mobility. However, few studies have explored the impacts of transportation sustainability on higher education development in China. The economic, environmental, social and political dimensions in transportation sustainability can boost China’s higher education attainment in different ways. Against this background, this study, drawing on the panel data and employing the spatial multilevel model, investigated the impacts of transportation sustainability on higher education in China, adding new empirical evidence for China’s higher education development. A panel analysis revealed that the increase in transportation sustainability induces the growth of higher education. Moreover, higher education attainment showed significant spatial dependence at the county level and had significant spatial clustering of county-level higher education attainment across provinces. Furthermore, modeled test results showed that the spatial multilevel model was more suitable for our study than traditional regression models. By identifying transport sustainability variables that have an effect on higher education, this study is the first to uncover the complexity of transportation sustainability and contributes to the latest policy implications for promoting higher education attainment through sustainable transportation.

Research on the Strategy of Improving College Students’ Career Adaptability in Application-oriented Colleges and Universities

Application-oriented colleges and universities have become the main force in the popularization of higher education in China, and their school running orientation is to cultivate application-oriented talents to adapt to social development. Career adaptability is a hot topic in the field of career psychology abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the education of improving college students’ career adaptability in Application-oriented Colleges and universities, summarize college students’ career adaptability, analyze the necessity of improving college students’ career adaptability at this stage, and put forward the strategies of improving college students’ career adaptability in Application-oriented Colleges and universities, so as to enable students to achieve real job matching in the process of employment.

A College Music Teaching System Designed Based on Android Platform

Today’s rapid evolution in information and communication technologies affects all sectors, including education, and has a positive impact. As a result, teachers need to use technology effectively and keep up with innovation to meet the needs of the next generation. The college music educational system was always an important part of higher education in China, and the corresponding music curriculum system has gradually been established. This curriculum system has been instrumental in the systematization and standardization of China’s music industry, and it has produced a large number of outstanding musical talents for the country. The goal of this research is to discover advanced and dependable teaching methods. With the growing popularity of mobile intelligent terminal devices and the expanding application of the Android platform, using a mobile intelligent terminal for university courses’ learning has become a more powerful technical feature. Through the development of an intelligent learning application using the Android intelligent platform, students can practice exercises and evaluate themselves, allowing them to analyze their weak points based on their evaluation value, whether in class or after class, and then facilitate their learning. In this paper, I present my original perspectives and proposals on music education in colleges and universities, based on literature, analysis, and study, as well as my years of practical experience. To assure stability of the suggested framework, scalability, and sustainability, I have used the Model View Controller (MVC) architecture. This framework is based on the mobile client of Android that teaches and queries college music remotely and controls smart music. According to the experimental data, online music teaching has a greater learning effect on music skills and enhances traditional music performance by 25%. In terms of increasing interest in musical courses, this online college teaching information platform has the ability to raise 74% of students’ awareness.