scholarly journals Simple Algorithms Underlying Noise-robust Recognition of Wide-field Motion Direction in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Yoshinori SUZUKI ◽  
Takako MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Robust Recognition ◽  
Noise Robust

scholarly journals Noise-robust recognition of wide-field motion direction and the underlying neural mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Suzuki ◽  
Hideaki Ikeda ◽  
Takuya Miyamoto ◽  
Hiroyoshi Miyakawa ◽  
Yoichi Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Robust Recognition ◽  
Noise Robust

scholarly journals Noise-robust recognition of objects by humans and deep neural networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojin Jang ◽  
Devin McCormack ◽  
Frank Tong
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Robust Recognition ◽  
Recognition Of Objects ◽  
Noise Robust ◽  
Level Performance

ABSTRACTDeep neural networks (DNNs) can accurately recognize objects in clear viewing conditions, leading to claims that they have attained or surpassed human-level performance. However, standard DNNs are severely impaired at recognizing objects in visual noise, whereas human vision remains robust. We developed a noise-training procedure, generating noisy images of objects with low signal-to-noise ratio, to investigate whether DNNs can acquire robustness that better matches human vision. After noise training, DNNs outperformed human observers while exhibiting more similar patterns of performance, and provided a better model for predicting human recognition thresholds on an image-by-image basis. Noise training also improved DNN recognition of vehicles in noisy weather. Layer-specific analyses revealed that the contaminating effects of noise were dampened, rather than amplified, across successive stages of the noise-trained network, with greater benefit at higher levels of the network. Our findings indicate that DNNs can learn noise-robust representations that better approximate human visual processing.

scholarly journals Disentangling of Local and Wide-Field Motion Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglin Li ◽  
Miriam Niemeier ◽  
Roland Kern ◽  
Martin Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Motion Adaptation

Motion adaptation has been attributed in flying insects a pivotal functional role in spatial vision based on optic flow. Ongoing motion enhances in the visual pathway the representation of spatial discontinuities, which manifest themselves as velocity discontinuities in the retinal optic flow pattern during translational locomotion. There is evidence for different spatial scales of motion adaptation at the different visual processing stages. Motion adaptation is supposed to take place, on the one hand, on a retinotopic basis at the level of local motion detecting neurons and, on the other hand, at the level of wide-field neurons pooling the output of many of these local motion detectors. So far, local and wide-field adaptation could not be analyzed separately, since conventional motion stimuli jointly affect both adaptive processes. Therefore, we designed a novel stimulus paradigm based on two types of motion stimuli that had the same overall strength but differed in that one led to local motion adaptation while the other did not. We recorded intracellularly the activity of a particular wide-field motion-sensitive neuron, the horizontal system equatorial cell (HSE) in blowflies. The experimental data were interpreted based on a computational model of the visual motion pathway, which included the spatially pooling HSE-cell. By comparing the difference between the recorded and modeled HSE-cell responses induced by the two types of motion adaptation, the major characteristics of local and wide-field adaptation could be pinpointed. Wide-field adaptation could be shown to strongly depend on the activation level of the cell and, thus, on the direction of motion. In contrast, the response gain is reduced by local motion adaptation to a similar extent independent of the direction of motion. This direction-independent adaptation differs fundamentally from the well-known adaptive adjustment of response gain according to the prevailing overall stimulus level that is considered essential for an efficient signal representation by neurons with a limited operating range. Direction-independent adaptation is discussed to result from the joint activity of local motion-sensitive neurons of different preferred directions and to lead to a representation of the local motion direction that is independent of the overall direction of global motion.

Study for constructing a Noise-robust Recognition System Using the Bone Conduction Speech

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002.40 (0) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Shunsuke ISHIMITU ◽  
Hironori KITAKAZE ◽  
Yasuyuki TSUCHIBUSHI ◽  
Takeshi ISHIKAWA ◽  
Yoshiyuki TAKADA
Keyword(s):  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Robust Recognition ◽  
Noise Robust

scholarly journals The onset of homologous chromosome pairing during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis.

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiraoka ◽  
A F Dernburg ◽  
S J Parmelee ◽  
M C Rykowski ◽  
D A Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
Nuclear Reorganization ◽  
Homologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Apical Side ◽  
Zygotic Transcription

We have determined the position within the nucleus of homologous sites of the histone gene cluster in Drosophila melanogaster using in situ hybridization and high-resolution, three-dimensional wide field fluorescence microscopy. A 4.8-kb biotinylated probe for the histone gene repeat, located approximately midway along the short arm of chromosome 2, was hybridized to whole-mount embryos in late syncytial and early cellular blastoderm stages. Our results show that the two homologous histone loci are distinct and separate through all stages of the cell cycle up to nuclear cycle 13. By dramatic contrast, the two homologous clusters were found to colocalize with high frequency during interphase of cycle 14. Concomitant with homolog pairing at cycle 14, both histone loci were also found to move from their position near the midline of the nucleus toward the apical side. This result suggests that coincident with the initiation of zygotic transcription, there is dramatic chromosome and nuclear reorganization between nuclear cycles 13 and 14.

scholarly journals Hybrid Camera Array-Based UAV Auto-Landing on Moving UGV in GPS-Denied Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Qiang Ren ◽  
Fangbing Zhang ◽  
Bolin Xie ◽  
Hailei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Nonlinear Controller ◽  
Autonomous Landing ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Camera Array ◽  
Motion State ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems, the autonomous landing of a UAV on a moving Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) has received extensive attention as a key technology. At present, this technology is confronted with such problems as operating in GPS-denied environments, a low accuracy of target location, the poor precision of the relative motion estimation, delayed control responses, slow processing speeds, and poor stability. To address these issues, we present a hybrid camera array-based autonomous landing UAV that can land on a moving UGV in a GPS-denied environment. We first built a UAV autonomous landing system with a hybrid camera array comprising a fisheye lens camera and a stereo camera. Then, we integrated a wide Field of View (FOV) and depth imaging for locating the UGV accurately. In addition, we employed a state estimation algorithm based on motion compensation for establishing the motion state of the ground moving UGV, including its actual motion direction and speed. Thereafter, according to the characteristics of the designed system, we derived a nonlinear controller based on the UGV motion state to ensure that the UGV and UAV maintain the same motion state, which allows autonomous landing. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we carried out a large number of simulations in AirSim and conducted real-world experiments. Through the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the experimental results, as well as the analysis of the time performance, we verified that the autonomous landing performance of the system in the GPS-denied environment is effective and robust.

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