scholarly journals Efficient Image Watermarking Using Filtered DWT-Blocks for Quantization of Significant Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Huynh-The ◽  
Thuong Le-Tien ◽  
Tuan Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Robust Blind Watermarking ◽  
Relationship Of

In the paper, a robust blind watermarking method is introduced for gray-scale images based on wavelet tree quantization with an adaptive threshold in the extraction. Every block of 2×2 coefficients of High-Low subbands of the Wavelet tranform are grouped in a block through the parent-child relationship of the wavelet tree. Every scrambled binary watermark bit is embedded into each block based on the difference value of two largest coefficients. The watermark is recovered by comparing the difference values in each block to an adaptive threshold. The accuracy of an extracted watermark depends on the threshold which is determined by minimizing the sum of weighted within-class variance. The performance of the proposed watermarking method is represented through experimental results under various types of attack such as, Histogram Equalization, Cropping, Low-pass Filtering, Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise and JPEG compression. In additions, the proposed method is also compared to recent methods in the extraction performance.

Orphans and the relational significance of birth: a response to Singh

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106827
Author(s):  
Christopher A Bobier
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parent Child

Prabhpal Singh has defended a relational account of the difference in moral status between fetuses and newborns. Newborns stand in the parent-child relation while fetuses do not, and standing in the parent-child relationship brings with it higher moral status for newborns. Orphans pose a problem for this account because they do not stand in a parent-child relationship. I argue that Singh has not satisfactorily responded to the problem.

scholarly journals Defending the distinction between pregnancy and parenthood

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parent Child

In this paper, I respond to the criticisms towards my account of the difference in moral status between fetuses and newborns. I show my critics have not adequately argued for their view that pregnant women participate in a parent–child relationship. While an important counterexample is raised against my account, this counterexample had already been dealt with in my original paper. Because the criticisms against my account lack argumentative support, they do not pose a problem for my account. I conclude the raised criticisms do not amount to a stron philosophical case against my account.

Leda and the Swan—An Analysis of the Theme in Myth and Art

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
R. W. Medlicott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Parent Child

This paper is one of a series investigating basic mythological themes and making special use of the artistic representation of such themes over the centuries. The rape of the mortal, Leda, by Zeus in the form of a swan is examined in terms of comparative mythology and of poetic and pictorial portrayals. The myth is seen primarily as one of sexuality and three aspects are isolated. Firstly, the sexual relationship of gods to humans, and this is seen as both an extension of the parent-child relationship and consequently incestuous, and as having an important creative aspect. Secondly, the general portrayal of sexual union, and this is handled in a diverse manner, the rape element is largely ignored, and there is a high proportion of deviant relationships of an oral or sado-masochistic nature revealed. Finally, the influence of the bird as the sexual partner is seen in terms of the bird as a sexual symbol, of bestiality and the use or not of specific aspects of avian sexuality, notably, cloacal sexuality, superfoetation and oviparous birth.

scholarly journals Anxiety among Up Board Students in Uttar Pradesh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
School Type ◽  
Schools Of Education ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Prevention ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Difference

Background: The present study aims to investigate the anxiety level of sports and non-sports students during board exam. It also aimed to find out the difference of anxiety among up board students on the basis of gender and the difference of anxiety among up board students on the basis of socio-economic status. These were studied with respect to different demographic variables like school type, socio-economic background, gender and academic stream. Methods: In this study, Sample included 420 randomly selected students i.e. 210 boys and 210 girls of U.P boards from various schools of Education at Uttar Pradesh. Subjects were assessed using Socio-demographic sheet and Anxiety Scale by Sinha & Sinha (1955). Result: The results of the study revealed considerable anxiety in boys than girls (p<0.01). Students from Hindi medium schools were more anxious than students from English medium schools (p<0.01). Students belonging to the middle class (middle socio-economic group) suffered more anxiety than those from both high and low socio-economic groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: conclusion is that Parent child relationship, child and teacher relationship and parent and teacher relationship and support decrease the level of anxiety. Parents and teacher emotional support drastically change the statics of anxiety in students. Parents and teacher use anxiety prevention efforts and gave lots of confidence to the child because these steps only weapon who broke the anxiety stone.

An Introduction to Wavelet-Based Image Processing and Its Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar H. Kolekar ◽  
G. Lloyds Raja ◽  
Somnath Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Jpeg 2000 ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Multi Resolution Analysis ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Multiple Resolutions ◽  
Resolution Analysis

This chapter gives a brief introduction of wavelets and multi-resolution analysis. Wavelets overcome the limitations of Discrete Cosine Transform and hence found its application in JPEG 2000. In wavelet transform, the scaling functions provide approximations or low-pass filtering of the signal and the wavelet functions add the details at multiple resolutions or perform high-pass filtering of the signal. Applying Discrete Wavelet Transform to an image decomposes it into LL, LH, HL, and HH subbands. The low frequency LL band carries most of the significant information in the image. Wavlet transform allows us to analyse the local properties of a signal or image by shifting and scaling operations. The inherent properties of wavelets makes it useful in image denoising, edge detection, image compression, compressed sensing and illumination normalization. The wavelet coefficients at various levels of decomposition follows a parent-child relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document