What affects Saudis’ intention to travel by air during the Covid-19 crisis?(The roles of anxiety, prevention-focus, self-efficacy, and airlines’ communication)

Civil aviation is one of the sectors most affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. Due to the lack of marketing research in the Arab world on this topic, this study examined the causal and moderating relationships between Covid-19 anxiety, prevention focus, self-efficacy, information about Covid-19, and intention to travel by air. Data were collected via an electronic survey from a convenience sample of 515 Saudis. A structural equation modeling analysis showed that prevention focus had an influence on Covid-19 anxiety, which in turn had a negative impact on intention to travel by air. A multigroup analysis was also conducted. The results confirmed that the effect of Covid-19 anxiety on air travel intention is stronger when individuals have low levels of self-efficacy. Several theoretical implications and recommendations for management are discussed.

The Association Between the 5Cs and Anxiety—Insights From Three Countries: Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain

Several of the most frequent psychological difficulties in childhood and adolescence are related to anxiety and lead to numerous short- and long-term negative outcomes in emotional, social, and academic domains. Empirical evidence consistently shows that the 5Cs (competence, caring, confidence, connection, and character) of Positive Youth Development (PYD) are positively related to adolescents’ contribution to self, family, and society as well as negatively related to risky behaviors and emotional difficulties, such as anxiety. Thus, the PYD can be one of the models that informs prevention programs. To provide contextualized, data-driven support for prevention efforts, we have analyzed the predictive value of the 5Cs for anxiety and anxiety dimensions using three different convenience youth samples from Portugal (N = 384, 46.6% female), Slovenia (N = 449, 69% females), and Spain (N = 768; 60.5% females). To assess the 5Cs, we used the same short form of the PYD scale in all samples (Geldhof et al., 2013) and different anxiety measures across samples: the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) in Portugal, the Lestvica anksioznosti za otroke in mladostnike anxiety scale (LAOM) in Slovenia and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in Spain. The findings show significant associations of PYD and anxiety across all three contexts with all three different anxiety measures used. The associations vary across countries emphasizing the need to further research the role of contexts in anxiety prevention. Despite variations the results do indicate that connection is negatively associated with anxiety in all three contexts using the three anxiety measures, while confidence is a negative predictor and caring is a positive predictor of anxiety in Slovenia and Spain. Implications for practice within an educational framework for adolescents and youth are discussed, together with public policy recommendations.

PERBEDAAN METODE AFIRMASI DIRI DAN KONSELING UNTUK PENCEGAHAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI TES (TEST ANXIETY) PADA MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN DI UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI

PERBEDAAN METODE AFIRMASI DIRI DAN KONSELING UNTUK PENCEGAHAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI TES (TEST ANXIETY) PADAMAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN DI UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI Rakhmi Rafie ABSTRAK Kecemasan dalam menghadapi tes (Test Anxiety/TA) memiliki ciri stress emosi yang dapat menyebabkan masalah. Kejadian ini dapat menghambat peserta tes dalam menyerap, menyimpan dan mengingat informasi Mengingat kecemasan berdampak negatif terhadap pencapaian prestasi belajar dan kesehatan fisik atau mental mahasiswa, maka perlu ada upaya-upaya tertentu untuk mencegah dan mengurangi kecemasan mahasiswa utamanya terkait dengan menghadapi ujian atau tes.Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahui perbedaan metode afirmasi diri dan konseling untuk pencegahan kecemasan menghadapi tes (test anxiety) pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran di Universitas Malahayati. Penelitian ini menggunakan desainRandomized Control-Group Pretest-Posttest Design.Populasi mahasiswa kedokteran angkatan 2013 di Universitas Malahayati Kota Bandar Lampung.Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 45 responden. Analisis bivariate menggunakan uji Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanRata-rata tingkat kecemasan sesudah diberi intervensi pada kelompok kontrol adalah 15.2, dan pada kelompok afirmasi diri rata-rata tingkat kecemasan sebesar 18.07, sedangkan pada kelompok konseling rata-rata tingkat kecemasan sebesar 14.5.Ada perbedaan metode afirmasi diri dan konseling untuk pencegahan kecemasan menghadapi tes (test anxiety) pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran di Universitas Malahayati.Bagi mahasiswa diharapkan untuk selalu berpikir positif dalam menghadapi berbagai macam tes, dengan cara belajar untuk memiliki harapan yang positif, dapat memusatkan pada kekuatan yang dimiliki, tidak menilai sesuatu dengan kecenderungan negatif, dan menjauhkan diri dari perasaan menyesal dan frustasi. Sehingga kepercayaan diri akan terbentuk dan prestasi akan dapat mudah di raih. Kata Kunci : metode afirmasi diri, konseling, test anxiety. DIFFERENCES METHODS OF SELF AFFIRMATION AND COUNSELING FOR ANXIETY PREVENTION FACING TESTS (TEST ANXIETY) IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AT MALAHAYATI UNIVERSITY Rakhmi Rafie*) Achmad Farich**)Octa Reni Setiawati**) ABSTRACT Anxiety in the face of tests (Test Anxiety (TA)) has a characteristic emotional stress that can cause problems. This incident can prevent test takers from absorbing, storing and remembering information. Given anxiety has a negative impact on the achievement of learning and physical or mental health of students, it is necessary to make certain efforts to prevent and reduce the anxiety of the main students associated with facing the exam or test. it is known that different methods of self-affirmation and counseling for the prevention of anxiety anxiety in Medical Students at Malahayati University. This research uses Randomized Control-Group Pretest-Posttest Design design.Population of medical students 2013 at Malahayati University Bandar Lampung.Sampel in this study were as many as 45 respondents.Analysis bivariate using Kruskal Wallis Test The results showed that the level of anxiety level after intervention in the control group was 15.2, and in the self-affirmation group the average anxiety level was 18.07, whereas in the counseling group the average of anxiety level was 14.5. There is differences method of self affirmation and counseling for the prevention of test anxiety to Medical Students at Malahayati University. For students are expected to always think positively in facing a variety of tests, by learning to have a positive expectation, to focus on their strengths, not assessing something with a negative tendency, and distance themselves from feeling penalty and frustrating. So that confidence will be formed and achievement can be easily achieved. Keywords: self affirmation method, counseling, test anxiety.

Barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes in families at risk: a qualitative interview study

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorder in children and young people. They can be prevented in those at risk, but families do not always take up opportunities to participate in prevention programmes. This qualitative study aimed to understand what families with children who were at prospective risk of anxiety disorders perceived to be the barriers to access to targeted anxiety prevention programmes, and to explore what would help facilitate access. We used Information Power to determine our sample size, and individually interviewed seven young people (14–17 years) who had anxiety disorders and their mothers, each of whom had pre-natal anxiety disorders. We transcribed all interviews and thematically analyzed them to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes. Perceived potential barriers to access included possible negative consequences of anxiety prevention, difficulties in identifying anxiety as a problem and concerns about how professions would respond to raising concerns about anxiety. Possible facilitators included promoting awareness of anxiety prevention programmes and involvement of schools in promotion and delivery of prevention. Our findings illustrate that implementation of targeted anxiety prevention could be improved through (i) the provision of tools for parents to recognize anxiety in their children as a problem, (ii) promotion of awareness, as well as delivery, of anxiety prevention via schools and (iii) the involvement of parents and possibly adolescents in the intervention programme, but not younger children.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers’ Anxiety Levels: Protocol for a Meta-Analysis

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared a public health emergency of international concern; this has caused excessive anxiety among health care workers. In addition, publication bias and low-quality publications have become widespread, which can result in the dissemination of unreliable findings. Objective This paper presents the protocol for a meta-analysis with the following two aims: (1) to examine the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers and determine whether it has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) to investigate whether there has been an increase in publication bias. Methods All related studies that were published/released from 2015 to 2020 will be searched in electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsyArXiv, and medRxiv). The risk of bias in individual studies will be assessed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist. The heterogeneity of the studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic. The effect size (prevalence rates of anxiety) and a 95% CI for each paper will also be calculated. We will use a moderator analysis to test for the effect of COVID-19 on health care workers’ anxiety levels and detect publication bias in COVID-19 studies. We will also assess publication bias using the funnel plot and Egger regression. In case of publication bias, if studies have no homogeneity, the trim-and-fill procedure will be applied to adjust for missing studies. Results Database searches will commence in November 2020. The meta-analysis will be completed within 2 months of the start date. Conclusions This meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive evidence about whether COVID-19 increases the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers and whether there has been an increase in publication bias and a deterioration in the quality of publications due to the pandemic. The results of this meta-analysis can provide evidence to help health managers to make informed decisions related to anxiety prevention in health care workers. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/24136