The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal
models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become
increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly
including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will
potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions.
Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating
cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the
development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex
endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.
Role of Interventional Radiology in Management of Chronic Shoulder Pain
