scholarly journals Phenetic and Phylogenetic Relationships of Egyptian Hordeum vulgare L. Using Agro-morphological Criteria, Molecular Marker and Genes Expression

Taeckholmia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Samira Osman ◽  
Essam Mostafa ◽  
Zeinab El-Ashry ◽  
Fawzia Mohamed ◽  
Hala Elatroush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The Relationship Between Chromosome Volume and Dna Content in Unsquashed Metaphase Cells of Barley, Hordeum Vulgare Cv. Tuleen 346

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
M. D. BENNETT ◽  
J. B. SMITH ◽  
J. P. WARD ◽  
R. A. FINCH
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Relative Dna Content ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Diploid Cells

The present work used haploid and diploid cells of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tuleen 346 (2n = 2x = 14), which has three reciprocal translocations. All seven chromosomes of the haploid set are distinguishable using morphological criteria in Feulgen-stained root-tip squashes seen in the light microscope, as are five of the bivalents at diakinesis. The relative DNA content per bivalent was estimated in pollen mother cells at diakinesis. The results showed that all seven chromosomes or bivalents of Tuleen 346 can be identified using relative DNA content as sole criterion. The absolute and relative volumes of the seven chromosomes were estimated from electron micrographs of serial sections of unsquashed root-tip cells of a haploid. The results show that, using relative chromosome volume as sole criterion, it is highly probable that all seven chromosomes in single unsquashed cells of Tuleen 346 can be correctly identified. Consequently, teats for various non-random spatial arrangements of chromosomes in unsquashed cells of Tuleen 346 using this character to identify the chromosomes should be feasible. There was a very highly significant positive relationship (r>0.99) between relative chromosome volume and mean relative DNA content per chromosome for each cell examined at metaphase of mitosis or meiosis. Thus, some mechanism ensures that the degree of condensation of all seven chromosomes within a cell is usually very similar in Tuleen 346, despite its grossly abnormal karyotype.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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