Tuberculin skin testing before BCG vaccination in young children may not be necessary,

2003 ◽  
Vol &NA; (1399) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
&NA;
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

scholarly journals Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
Bhagwati Khatri ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Natalie A. Parlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.

Screening Young Children for Latent Tuberculosis in England: Lessons Learned from the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emily Phipps ◽  
Anita Clear ◽  
Margaret Holland ◽  
Mitra Shahidi ◽  
Surinder Tamne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Ltbi Screening

Objective Tuberculosis (TB) can affect young children, resulting in serious disease at a young age or reactivation later in life. Identifying cases of latent TB infection (LTBI) in children exposed to active cases is important to prevent morbidity and mortality. There is currently limited guidance on appropriate testing methods in situations involving mass screening of children in low TB incidence settings such as England. This study describes case reports of two separate occasions in which nursery-age children in England underwent LTBI screening and explores the decisions involved in choosing the most appropriate test and screening process. Methods A literature search, review of health protection case and incident management notes, and interviews with key stakeholders were conducted. Results Two different tests—tuberculin skin testing and interferon gamma release assay—were used in each respective screening situation and the decision between the two was taken based on cohort, organizational, and index case risk factors. Screening took place in dedicated secondary care clinics. No cases of LTBI were identified from either screening incident. Conclusion Our study highlights the lack of definitive guidance for mass LTBI screening of young children and presents the approaches to decision making that can be adopted by others. Further research is required to test the approach suggested in this article and to ensure that evidence-based national guidance provides a consistent and effective approach to such incidents.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin on tuberculin skin testing in Venezuelan Amerindians in high tuberculosis burden areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailis Maes ◽  
Lilly M Verhagen ◽  
Dagmarys Ortega ◽  
Gregorio L Sánchez ◽  
Yajaira Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introduction:E xtraordinarily high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence rates have been reported in Venezuelan Amerindians. Amerindian populations often live in geographically isolated villages where they receive little medical attention and live under precarious sanitary conditions. TB prevalence varies by ethnicity and geographic location and is generally higher in Amerindians than in non-indigenous (Creole) people. Methodology: Between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was administered during field operations to 9,538 Amerindian and Creole people between 0 and 94 years of age living in Venezuela. In 6,979 individuals (73%), Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination status, age, and ethnicity were recorded.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of previous BCG vaccination, age, and ethnicity on TST outcomes. Results: Age, ethnicity, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered each had a significant influence on TST outcomes (p < 0.001). The influence of BCG vaccination on TST outcomes varied by ethnicity and was only significant in children aged between 0 and 3 years. Conclusions: The utility of TST in the diagnosis of TB infection in high TB burden settings with widespread BCG vaccination should be evaluated locally and individually as this depends on ethnicity, age, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered. In Venezuelan children 4 years of age and older, the TST remains a useful tool for the detection of TB infection, independent of BCG vaccination status.

scholarly journals A prevalence study of bovine tuberculosis by using abattoir meat inspection and tuberculin skin testing data, histopathological and IS6110PCR examination of tissues with tuberculous lesions in cattle inEthiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 512-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shitaye JE ◽  
B. Getahun ◽  
T. Alemayehu ◽  
M. Skoric ◽  
F. Treml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Samples

Post mortem surveillances, for the detection of tuberculous lesions in particular depend on the work load time and the diligence of the inspector conducting the examination. The first aim of the study was to determine the trend of occurrence of tuberculous lesions in two abattoirs in Addis Ababa and Debre-Zeit (Ethiopia). The second aim of the study was to determine prevalence of the tuberculin skin test results in 10 dairy farm areas in Addis Ababa. The third aim was to detect tuberculous lesions and causal agents from tissue samples of the respiratory tract and mesenteric lymph nodes of the slaughtered cattle. The ten year (1996&ndash;2005) retrospective analysis of the meat inspection of 2&nbsp;455&nbsp;289 slaughtered animals showed that 707 (0.028%) were found with tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs of which were 699 (0.052%) of 1&nbsp;336&nbsp;266 cattle, 4 (0.001%) of 534&nbsp;436 sheep, 3&nbsp;(0.001%) of 573&nbsp;767 goats and 1 (0.009%) of 10&nbsp;820 pigs. The tuberculous lesions found in cattle were statistically highly significant (P &lt; 0.01) than in other animals. The bovine tuberculin skin tests were conducted in Addis Ababa in 10 farm areas in 85 dairy farms having 2&nbsp;098 cattle. Positive reactions were obtained from 9 farm areas in 41 (48%) herds which included 392 (19%) of the animals. In a current study, tuberculous lesions were found in 34 (3.5%) animals by the meat inspection surveillance of 984 cattle. Histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation was evident in 3 (8.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions. A highly sensitive PCR (IS6110) was positive in 4 of 34 (11.8%) animals with tuberculous lesions and in 1 (2.9%) of animal without lesions. The analyzed data and these study findings indicated that tuberculosis in cattle is an existing problem inEthiopia which needs to be solved.

Two-Stage Tuberculin Skin Testing in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 (3_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol T. Webster ◽  
Fred M. Gordin ◽  
John P. Matts ◽  
Joyce A. Korvick ◽  
Carol Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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