Tuberculin Skin Testing in Vietnamese Refugees With a History of BCG Vaccination

1983 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Amy Sue Fox
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
Bhagwati Khatri ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Natalie A. Parlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.

The Importance of Two-Step Tuberculin Skin Testing for Newly Employed Healthcare Workers

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Frenzel ◽  
Georgia A. Thomas ◽  
Hend A. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

At the time of hire, 4059 of 6522 healthcare workers required a 2-step tuberculin skin test; 114 workers (2.8%) demonstrated a boosted reaction after the second step. Boosted reactions were significantly associated with male sex and older age. A verbal history of previous tuberculin skin test results was not a reliable indicator of baseline tuberculin skin test status at the time of hire.

Interferon-γ Release Assay vs. Tuberculin Skin Test for Tuberculosis Screening in Exposed Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Multicenter Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Lucet ◽  
Dominique Abiteboul ◽  
Candice Estellat ◽  
Carine Roy ◽  
Sylvie Chollet-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Current Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Release Assay

OBJECTIVEHealthcare workers (HCWs), especially those caring for patients with tuberculosis (TB), are at high risk of acquiring that disease. The poor specificity of tuberculin skin testing (TST) prompted us to evaluate the effectiveness of the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) in comparison with TST in a large prospective, multicenter, 1-year study of HCWs with occupational exposure to TB.METHODSHCWs from high-risk units at 14 university hospitals were invited to participate and underwent both TST and IGRA (first Quantiferon TB Gold-IT®, QFT-G, then T-SPOT.TB® if QFT-G was indeterminate) at baseline and after 1 year. We collected demographic characteristics, country of birth, history of TB, immunosuppression, past exposure to TB, history of BCG vaccination, results of most recent TST, job category, and duration of current function.RESULTSAmong 807 HCWs enrolled, current or past TST at baseline was positive (≥15 mm) in 282 (34.9%); the IGRA was positive in 113 (14.0%) and indeterminate in 3 (0.4%). After 1 year, 594 HCWs had both an IGRA and TST (or prior TST≥15 mm) at baseline and an IGRA and TST (if indicated). The conversion rate was 2.5% (9 of 367) with TST and 7.6% (45 of 594) with IGRA, with poor agreement between the 2 tests. Using only QFT-G, conversion (9.9%) and reversion (17.8%) rates were higher for baseline QFT-G positive quantitative values <1 IU/mL.CONCLUSIONTST and the IGRA yielded discordant results. The value of IGRA in addition to TST remains undetermined; the two should be jointly interpreted in decision-making (clinical trial registration NCT00797836).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–6

scholarly journals Interferon-Gamma Release Assays Are a Better Tuberculosis Screening Test for Hemodialysis Patients: A Study and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Grant ◽  
J Jastrzebski ◽  
J Johnston ◽  
A Stefanovic ◽  
J Jastrabesky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽  
History Of

Diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) in dialysis patients is complicated by poor response to tuberculin skin testing (TST), but the role of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the dialysis population remains uncertain. Seventy-nine patients were recruited to compare conventional diagnosis (CD) with the results of two IGRA tests in a dialysis unit. Combining TST, chest x-ray and screening questionnaire results (ie, CD) identified 24 patients as possible LTBI. IGRA testing identified 22 (QuantiFERON Gold IT, Cellestis, USA) and 23 (T-spot.TB, Oxford Immunotec, United Kingdom) LTBI patients. IGRA and CD correlated moderately (κ=0.59). IGRA results correlated with history of TB, TB contact and birth in an endemic country. TST was not helpful in identifying LTBI patients in this population. The tendency for IGRAs to correlate with risk factors for TB, active TB infection and history of TB argues for their superiority over TST in dialysis patients. There was no superiority of one IGRA test over another.

scholarly journals "MANTOUX TESTING IN UVEITIS PATIENTS AND TREATMENT OF PRESUMED INTRAOCULAR TUBERCULOSIS IN WESTERN UP"

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Jaishree Dwivedi ◽  
Sandeep Mithal ◽  
Santosh Santosh ◽  
Ganesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intraocular Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is re-emergingasaglobalhealthproblem.Itisaslowlyprogressive,chronic,granulomatous infectioncausedby M.tuberculosiswhichusuallyaffectslungs,butcanalsoaffectotherorganslikeCVS,GI,CNS,SKINandEYES. Choroidal tubercles and tuberculomas are reported to be the most common intraocular manifestations of TB and the most commonintraocularclinicalpresentationappearstobeposterioruveitis. ThediagnosisofocularTBisconsideredinsettingsof1.IsolationofM.tuberculosisfromocularfluidsortissuespecimen.Byamicrobiologicalorhistopathologicalstudy,PCR. 2.AspresumedoculardiseasesuggestiveofTBwithprovensystemicactivedisease. 3.Presumedoculardiseasewithoutevidenceofactivesystemicdisease. DiagnosticCriteriaForPresumedIntraocularTbUveitiswere. 1.Ocular findings consistent with possible intraocular TB with no other cause of uveitis suggested by history of symptoms,or ancillarytestings. 2.StronglypositiveMANTOUX OR TUBERCULINSKINTESTING(>10mmareaofinduration/necrosis) 3.Responsetoantituberculartherapywithabsenceofrecurrences. The aims of our study were to evaluate prevalence of Mantoux positive in newly referred uveitis patients in whom systemic evaluationwasperformedandtoassesstheoutcomeoftreatmentforpresumedintraoculartuberculosisinselectedpatients. MATERIALANDMETHOD The studywas conductedin theRetinaClinic atUpgradeddepartmentof Ophthalmology,LLRM medicalcollege,Meerut,India.Itwasaprospective,noncomparative,interventionalcaseseries. PatientsofocularinflammationreferredtoRetinaClinicwhounderwentsystemicevaluationwereincludedinthestudy A total of patients who satisfy the inclusion criteria , underwent systemic evaluation which include blood tests, chest radiograph,and tuberculin skin testing (0.05 _g purified protein derivative in 0.1 ml,equivalent to 2.5 tuberculin units) Both erythema and induration was measured at 48 hours,and the result were judged to be positive if induration was more than 10 mm Antituberculosis therapyi.eisoniazid300mg/day,rifampin600mg/day,ethambutol 15mg/kg/day,andpyrazinamide25–30 mg /kg/ day for the first 2 months ,thereafter rifampin and isoniazid were used for another 4–7 months was initiated for patients who had clinical findings consistent with possible intraocular tuberculosis,a positive tuberculin skin test result Responsetotherapywasassessedintermsofincreaseordecreaseorresolution OBSERVATIONAND RESULT Ofthe total 32patients 9patients havepositive tubercular contact history and30patientswere mantouxpositive.(94%),ofwhich78%havetheirindurationsizeof>15mmand8patientshavepositivex-rayfindings.(25%) Out of these 32 patients, 25 received antituberculous therapy for 9 months. In addition all of these patients also received systemicprednisone(1mg/kg/day)untilaclinicaleffectwasseenandthenaslowreductionofdosewasdone. 7patientsweredroppedoutfromthestudy. Out of these 25 patients which were started on treatment, 24 patients (96%) showed improvement in their clinical status, 19 patients (76%) showed improvement in their visual acuity after treatment and 35.6 % patients attained visual acuity of 6/9 or better. CONCLUSION Treatment with antitubercular therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids induces resolution of inflammation with no recurrences. So, mantoux testing should remain an integral part of the systemic work-up for uveitis patients.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin on tuberculin skin testing in Venezuelan Amerindians in high tuberculosis burden areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailis Maes ◽  
Lilly M Verhagen ◽  
Dagmarys Ortega ◽  
Gregorio L Sánchez ◽  
Yajaira Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introduction:E xtraordinarily high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence rates have been reported in Venezuelan Amerindians. Amerindian populations often live in geographically isolated villages where they receive little medical attention and live under precarious sanitary conditions. TB prevalence varies by ethnicity and geographic location and is generally higher in Amerindians than in non-indigenous (Creole) people. Methodology: Between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was administered during field operations to 9,538 Amerindian and Creole people between 0 and 94 years of age living in Venezuela. In 6,979 individuals (73%), Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination status, age, and ethnicity were recorded.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of previous BCG vaccination, age, and ethnicity on TST outcomes. Results: Age, ethnicity, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered each had a significant influence on TST outcomes (p < 0.001). The influence of BCG vaccination on TST outcomes varied by ethnicity and was only significant in children aged between 0 and 3 years. Conclusions: The utility of TST in the diagnosis of TB infection in high TB burden settings with widespread BCG vaccination should be evaluated locally and individually as this depends on ethnicity, age, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered. In Venezuelan children 4 years of age and older, the TST remains a useful tool for the detection of TB infection, independent of BCG vaccination status.

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