scholarly journals Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks: Case Studies of Two Areas in India

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W. Uhl ◽  
K. Nagabhushanam ◽  
John Olaf Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church

Two-thirds of India is underlain by consolidated rocks and approximately one-half of this hard rock area is composed of Precambrian crystalline rocks. Many rural areas in India are dependent on ground water for drinking and irrigation water supply. Population growth and increasing demands for food and water have resulted in increased withdrawals of ground water in some areas and a decline in water levels. In contrast, the lack of technical expertise and seed money has inhibited the development of ground-water resources in other areas. In this paper, the ground-water resources of two crystalline rock areas are described. The recent drilling of over 600 wells in these areas by the Evangelical Lutheran Church (E.L.C.) Water Development Project provided the data base. The geology, occurrence of ground water, and types of ground-water flow systems in these areas are discussed. Well data such as yield, depth and thickness of overburden, aquifer depth, and well depth were analyzed statistically for both areas. The results helped to quantify the occurrence of ground water with depth and the distribution of well yields and expected well yields in different rock types and topographic settings. Both step-drawdown and constant-rate pumping tests were conducted on 150 production wells. Aquifer transmissivity ranges from approximately 1 to 400 m2/day (meters squared per day) in both areas. Specific capacity results are also presented.

Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J.G.J. Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The primary problems concerning water resources in Sri Lanka are the depletion and degradation of the resource caused by various anthropogenic activities. Surface inland waters in urban areas are polluted heavily with domestic sewage and industrial effluents, and in rural areas with agricultural runoff. With regard to ground water in certain areas of the dry zone, there is a high fluoride content and in hard, rocky, alluvial areas, there is a high concentration of iron. In urban over-crowded cities, there is biological contamination of ground water. Over-utilization, particularly through tube wells, is another major problem affecting ground water resources in Sri Lanka. Oil spills, dumping of waste from ships, coral and sand mining, and industrial activities are the main causes of marine pollution in the country. Except for pipe-borne water supply, irrigation and hydropower schemes, in general water resources in Sri Lanka are managed very poorly. Regulations are available to control most water related problems but enforcement of these regulations is lacking. The ultimate result of degradation and depletion of water resources is the increasing health hazards. Water-borne and vector-borne diseases are prevalent, particularly amongst urban low-income communities with poor sanitary facilities and drainage. Despite government initiatives and legislation, very slow progress has been made towards combating water pollution. This paper examines the most significant water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka and their controlling mechanisms.

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ORGANIC EATERIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Shaikh Ali ◽  
Nidhi M J
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ozone Layer Depletion ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Humans have manipulated nature in every possible way for the sake of benefits. Their activities have resulted in ozone layer depletion, deforestation, drying of seasonal rivers, lands getting barren, ground water levels going down etc. Besides, the environmental point of view, in the search of earning profits, new threats have emerged for humanity in the form of adulteration in essential commodities like milk, vegetables, fruits, spices, pulses etc. There has been a paradigm shift in the methods of infrastructure creation and operation, because people have understood the importance of shifting towards more eco-friendly ways doing things. The use of fertilizers and pesticides increased the vulnerability of humanity towards threatening diseases. The vegetables and fruits now take less time to grow and the taste is not the same as it used to be earlier. It becomes imperative to go in organic way and create awareness for the same in the rural areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document