Determining the best strategy to reduce losses in Banias water network, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP: تحديد الاستراتيجية الأفضل لتخفيف الفواقد في شبكة مياه مدينة بانياس بالاعتماد على طريقة التحليل الهرمي Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The study aims to choose the best strategy for reducing Water losses in Banias City Water Distribution network, that reaches a large percentage about 65%, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The strategies (alternatives), the main and secondary criteria necessary to reach the construction of the decision matrix and the development of the final strategies for the work of the Establishment in accordance with it, based on the opinions of experts in the Banias Water Establishment, in addition to references and previous studies in the field of research. The necessary questionnaire was prepared and then distributed to a group of experts (30 experts) of engineers and technicians working in Banias Water Establishment, and thus conducting comparison process between the main criteria, the sub- criteria, and the alternatives for the sub- criteria. The Expert Choice Software Which is based on AHP method, is used, and It automatically performs mathematical processes and calculates final relative weights to obtain the final decision matrix. The results showed that the strategy of dividing the network into district metered areas ranked first, with the highest rating of 27.8%, followed by the strategy of control and pressure management with 13.6%, while the strategy of replacing meters came last with 3.5%.

Review of Water Network Analysis and Validation of SCALER Hydraulic Simulator

The article intends to present the validation stage of a software to model and simulate hydraulic networks for water distribution, the SCALER, through its application to a real system, with many branches, with a model previously developed and verified using the EPANET software. SCALER was developed in 2020 and 2021 and, until then, had only been applied to networks with a relatively small number of branches. After discussing topics related to hydraulic modeling of distribution networks, techniques and applications, a brief review of the fundamentals of SCALER is carried out, passing on to its application to the case at hand, which is the Vila Joaniza community, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data from image, scheme and table are used to assist in the description of the local situation and respective distribution network, with the objective of assessing whether the nodal pressures obtained by SCALER are sufficiently similar to those obtained by EPANET, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the software. After this step, and the calculations have been made by the program, an operation screen, the generated graph of the local situation and a table with the comparison of absolute and percentage deviations between the nodal pressures resulting from the SCALER and those obtained with the EPANET are inserted, confirming that the deviation values are quite small, which validates SCALER as a software also applicable to networks with many branches.

DEVELOPMENT OF A BIM INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFLOW ADAPTED TO FACILITIES OF LAND SUBDIVISION PROJECTS IN MOROCCO

Land subdivision represents a complex procedure which leads to the construction of a set of buildings and utilities necessary for the viability of the project: Roads, sewerage network, water network, electricity network and telecommunication networks. The techniques adopted so far to carry out land subdivision projects in Morocco have certain limitations. Several stakeholders are necessary for the realization of a land subdivision and many 2D plans and documents are used. These plans and documents are independently produced and carried out by the various trades involved in the project. If a change is made to one element of the project, which often happens, several documents and plans are affected and must be updated. This can be a source of errors and conflicts and can lead to an increase in the time and cost of the hall project. This study proposes the development of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) infrastructure workflow adapted to land subdivision projects in Morocco. The integration of BIM in this type of project is an innovation in the Moroccan context. It will improve the design, simplify communication and collaboration between the various stakeholders and facilitate the management and the monitoring of the project. The resulting digital BIM model can be used to produce 2D and 3D construction plans, take measurements and plan work. It constitutes the basic platform to perform calculations and simulations at any stage of the infrastructure life cycle and to detect and resolve interferences in a collaborative environment.

Application of water resource multi-objective allocation service based on digital water network

The rational allocation of water resources plays an important role in alleviating disparities between supply and demand in areas with water shortages. With the continuous development of modern information technology, the pace of digitization is accelerating. Digital water networks provide a means of technical support, and their application is becoming more extensive. Based on the traditional study of water resource allocation combined with the development of modern information technology, this paper proposes a new operational application model of multi-objective water resource allocation based on a digital water network and applies this model to allocate water resources in the Heihe River basin in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. First, a topological digital water network is constructed based on the connectivity criterion of water systems, and a cooperative configuration model with social, economic and ecological objectives is established. Second, the model and its solution method are componentized, and the water resource allocation business system is constructed based on the comprehensive integration platform to integrate the digital water network and the water resource multi-objective allocation business. Finally, to verify the scientificity and feasibility of the new model, the new model was applied to allocate water resources in the Heihe River basin of Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province.

Average Operating Pressure Effect on Water Supply Systems Performances. A Case Study for 12 Romanian Small Water Distribution Networks

The performance evaluation of an implemented water distribution network is in tight relation with the choice of adequate measures for water loss reduction. Hence, the consequences of placing the water network in a wrong performance category are bad and will conduct to unreasonably costs or considerable water loss volumes. Therefore, the evaluation of the water network performance level based on both Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) indicators is to be recommended. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of water distribution systems based on the calculated performance indicators NRW and ILI. For this purpose, collected data for a period of one year from 12 Romanian small water distribution systems and two simplified average pressure determination methods were used.

Identification of seawater intrusion in Gapura Sub-district, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Gapura sub-district is located in the Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, that also recognized as the center of salt production. Due to not availability of a clean water network from the municipal water network (PDAM), the daily water need of the community is provided by groundwater. Local people have reported several brackish waters in the wells since a few years ago. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify seawater intrusion potential in this area. The seawater intrusion is analyzed based on the value of electrical conductivity (EC) and groundwater hydrochemistry. From the analysis of EC values, it can be concluded that there are two out of thirty groundwater samples classified as moderately saline water, while in the study of groundwater ion values, both two samples have chloride values that are more than 240 mg/L. However, the Cl and HCO3 ratio show that the two samples will only have a small effect on seawater. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Gapura sub-district does not have seawater intrusion. High salinity in some wells is mostly coming from salt production in this area.

KARAKTERISTIK PEMUKIMAN KUMUH KAMPUNG KANDANG AYAM

Kandang Ayam settlement in lowland typology and directly adjacent to the river, and vulnerable to flood area. In evolution, this village became a place who migrants hope to get a job. Migrants who do not have a permanent residence, and then they build some0house0and no give attention of environmental aspects, and it can give impression of0slums.0The0purpose0of0thisFstudyRisVtoLfind out the characteristicsRof0slumsUinRKandang Ayam village. Analytical method used is qualitative analysis with steps : (1) Analyze and describe by used the theory of factors causingLenvironmentalTslum based on theory (2) Assesement based on ministerial regulation oftpubliciworkiandipublicihousinginumberl2 of 2016 on quality improvement oftslumRhousingRand slums. ResultToftthiststudyNisethevcharacteristicsvofislumsiin Kandang Ayam village at the moderate level of slums with characteristics, as follows : water network, drainage and sanitation quality are poor, in thistvillagetmajority of the house is homes not liveable and makes impression of slum.NThetsocio-economic conditionsioftthetpopulationtintgenerally low income, unfortunately motivation to have a decent and healthy home is still low.Abstrak: Permukiman kampung Kandang Ayam secaraRtipologiRberadaRpada kawasanmdatarannrendahndannberbatasanilangsungidenganisungai, dan termasuk dalam daerah rawan bencana banjir. Dalam perkembangannya kampung ini menjadi lokasi tempat tinggal para pendatang yang berharap dapat memperoleh pekerjaan. Warganpendatangiyang tidak memiliki tempat tinggal tetap, dan mereka membangun tempat tinggal secarawmandirintanpanmemperhatikannaspek-aspektlingkungan, hal tersebutlah yang kemudian dapat menimbulkan kesan kumuh. Tujuannpenelitiannini yaituMuntuknmengetahuinkarakteristiknpemukimanmkumuhRdinkampungnkandang ayam.tMetodetanalisisiyangidigunakantadalahtmetodeikualitatiftdengantlangkah: (1) Menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan menggunakan teori faktor faktor penyebab kekumuhanRlingkunganRberdasarkan teori analisis; (2) Melakukan penilaian menggunakan Peraturan Menteri PUPR Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang peningkatan kualitas terhadap perumahan kumuh dan permukiman kumuh. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah karakteristik darinpermukimannkumuhndi kampungnKandang Ayam memiliki tingkattkekumuhantsedang, dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut : jaringan air bersih, sistem drainase dan sanitasi yangnburuk,mMayoritas rumah termasuk rumah tidak layak huni dan terkesan kumuh.RKondisiMsosialMekonomiNpenduduknumumnya berpenghasilanirendahisehinggaimotivasi untuk memiliki rumah yang layak dan sehat masih rendah