Developing a regional recycled water program in Southern California

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-578
Author(s):  
R. S. Trussell ◽  
G. Lai-Bluml ◽  
M. Chaudhuri ◽  
G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Water District

Abstract The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan) and the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Sanitation Districts) are exploring the potential of a Regional Recycled Water Program (RRWP) to beneficially reuse water currently discharged to the Pacific Ocean. The program would consist of a new advanced water treatment (AWT) facility at the Sanitation Districts' Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) in Carson, California, USA, capable of producing an ultimate flow of 581 MLD (150 MGD). The full-scale facility would treat effluent from the JWPCP using an AWT train comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR), followed by reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet light advanced oxidation (UV/AOP). After MBR-RO-UV/AOP treatment, the treated water would be distributed to groundwater basins in Los Angeles and Orange counties to recharge their aquifers. This program would diversify the region's water resources and significantly contribute to long-term water supply targets outlined in Metropolitan's Integrated Water Resources Plan. A feasibility study for the RRWP was completed in 2016, confirming its technical viability. Currently, Metropolitan and the Sanitation Districts recently completed conceptual planning studies to investigate implementation options for a full-scale program, and constructed a 1.9 MLD (0.5 MGD) AWT demonstration facility. Although large facilities employing membrane filtration (MF)-RO-UV/AOP are currently permitted and operating in California, there are no facilities using an MBR-RO-UV/AOP train. The AWT demonstration facility – the Regional Recycled Water Advanced Purification Center – will build on recent research in Australia and the USA to develop a regulatory strategy to incorporate MBR into a potable reuse advanced treatment train.

Alternative water sources and endotoxin

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Toole ◽  
M. Sinclair ◽  
T. Jeavons ◽  
K. Leder
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Australian Water ◽  
Endotoxin Concentration ◽  
Class A ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Preliminary Study

The primary objective of this preliminary study was to ascertain the concentration of endotoxin in a variety of Australian water types, including recycled water. A total of 42 sampling sites were surveyed, the majority on at least 2 separate occasions (total number of samples analysed was 76). Samples were collected from a variety of locations throughout Australia including: drinking water distribution (12), drinking water reservoir (4), wastewater treatment train (11) and finished recycled water (15). Class A recycled waters, defined microbiologically in Australian regulations as having <10 E. coli per 100 mL, where the treatment train did not include membrane filtration, gave rise to an average measured endotoxin concentration of 2.030 Endotoxin Units (EU) per mL (N=7). For recycled Class A water samples, where membrane filtration was part of the treatment train (N=3) the average endotoxin concentration was 41 EU/mL. Measured endotoxin concentrations in drinking water varied from <4 to 119 EU/mL. Results of this preliminary study indicate that endotoxin concentrations in recycled water may be reduced to levels at least as low as those found in drinking water but for some recycled waters, where membrane filtration is not practiced, higher endotoxin concentrations may persist.

The Sunland Grizzly

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Josh Sides
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Founding Director

In 1916, Cornelius Birket Johnson, a Los Angeles fruit farmer, killed the last known grizzly bear in Southern California and the second-to last confirmed grizzly bear in the entire state of California. Johnson was neither a sportsman nor a glory hound; he simply hunted down the animal that had been trampling through his orchard for three nights in a row, feasting on his grape harvest and leaving big enough tracks to make him worry for the safety of his wife and two young daughters. That Johnson’s quarry was a grizzly bear made his pastoral life in Big Tujunga Canyon suddenly very complicated. It also precipitated a quagmire involving a violent Scottish taxidermist, a noted California zoologist, Los Angeles museum administrators, and the pioneering mammalogist and Smithsonian curator Clinton Hart Merriam. As Frank S. Daggett, the founding director of the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art, wrote in the midst of the controversy: “I do not recollect ever meeting a case where scientists, crooks, and laymen were so inextricably mingled.” The extermination of a species, it turned out, could bring out the worst in people.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document