Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

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Effect of New Irrigation Technology on the Physiology and Water Use Efficiency of Potato by Reclaimed Water Irrigation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 3035-3039 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue Bin Qi ◽

Zong Dong Huang ◽

Dong Mei Qiao ◽

Ping Li ◽

Zhi Juan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Root Weight ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Subsurface Drip

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. The agricultural sector continues to have a negative impact on the ecological status of the environment. The worlds interest in high quality food is increasing. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on physiological responses, yield and water use efficiency, Soil nitrogen, Root weight density of potato in the semi-humid region of middle China using subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment used second-stage treated wastewater with and without addition of chloride, and both subsurface drip and furrow irrigations were investigated. Results indicated that the alternate partial root-zone irrigation is a practicable water-saving strategy for potato. The drip with chlorinated and non-chlorinated water improved water use efficiency by 21.48% and 39.1%, respectively, and 44.1% in the furrow irrigation. Partial root zone drying irrigation stimulates potato root growth and enhances root density. The content of the heavy metal in the potato tubers is no more than the National Food Requirements, and it is consistent with National Food Hygiene Stands.

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Assessment of Health Risk Index in Soil and Grain of Wheat Irrigated by Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Treated Wastewater in Semi-Arid Region

Journal of Water and Soil Science ◽

10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.20.78.113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (78) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

K. Asgari ◽

S. H. Tabatabaei ◽

P. Najafi ◽

SH. Kiani ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Arid Region ◽

Risk Index ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Health Risk Index ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

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Secondary wastewater disposal for crop irrigation with minimal risks

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0603 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

G. Oron ◽

R. Armon ◽

R. Mandelbaum ◽

Y. Manor ◽

C. Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Real Rate ◽

Wastewater Disposal ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse program is to close the gap between supply of and demand for water and to minimize health and environmental hazards. Thus, the effects of treated effluent on crops, soils and community health must be considered carefully. When applying wastewater to soil-plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil reduces considerably the number of microorganisms carried out by the reclaimed wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a need to study the real rate of organism decay subject to water quality, soil and vegetable characteristics, and irrigation method. The aim of this work is to determine the fate of the fecal coliforms, coliphages F+ and CN13, and helminth eggs survival during the application of reclaimed wastewater in a vineyard orchard near the City of Arad (Israel) via onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. Wastewater obtained from a stabilization pond, and soil samples were tested and an important decrease of microorganisms was reached in both cases, with the better values obtained with the sub-surface drip irrigation system.

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Utilization of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation of field-grown melons by surface and subsurface drip irrigation

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1560/ijps.59.2-4.159 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mollie Sacks ◽

Nirit Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Subsurface Drip

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Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks

10.32747/1999.7573077.bard ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Gideon Oron ◽

Raphi Mandelbaum ◽

Carlos E. Enriquez ◽

Robert Armon ◽

Yoseph Manor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Agricultural Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip

The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.

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