Microbial characteristics of a methanogenic phenol-degrading sludge

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhang ◽  
S. Z. Ke ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H.P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Microbial properties of a methanogenic granular phenol-degrading sludge were characterized using the 16S rRNA/DNA-based techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning, DNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The sludge was sampled from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, which removed 98% of phenol (up to 1260 mg/l) in wastewater at 26°C with 12 hours of hydraulic retention. Based on DNA analysis, the Eubacteria in the sludge was composed of 13 operational taxonomy units (OTUs). Two OTUs, one resembling Clostridium and the other remotely resembling Desulfotomaculum, were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by five Syntrophus-resembling OTUs to acetate and H2/CO2; methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 into methane. The role of six remaining OTUs remains unclear. Overall, the sludge was composed of 26±6% Eubacteria and 74±9% methanogens, of which 54±6% were acetotrophic Methanosaetaceae, 14±3% and 3±2% were hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriaceae, respectively.

Real-time quantifications of dominant anaerobes in an upflow reactor by polymerase chain reaction using a TaqMan probe

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Liang ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
H. H. P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This study was conducted to demonstrate the application of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the quantification of dominant bacteria in an anaerobic reactor using a designed TaqMan probe. A novel group of uncultured thermophilic bacteria affiliated with Thermotogales was first found in a phenol-degrading sludge from a 55°C upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, which effectively removed 99% of phenol at loading of 0.51 g-phenol l−1 d−1 h of hydraulic retention. A TaqMan probe was then designed targeting this group of Thermotogales affiliated bacteria (TAB), and used to monitor its concentration in the reactors. Results showed that the TAB population in the 55°C reactor increased proportional to the phenol degrading rate. Results also showed that the TAB population ranged 3.5–9.9% in the 55°C phenol-degrading sludge, but only 0.0044% in the 37°C sludge and 0.000086% in the 26°C sludge.

Granular Sludge Formation in the Anaerobic Expanded Micro-Carrier Bed Process

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoda ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
Y. Miyaji
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The anaerobic expanded micro-carrier bed (MCB) process, which utilizes fine (50-100 microns) support materials as expanded bed media, was found to have the ability to cultivate granular sludge similar to that formed in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. Two laboratory-scale MCB reactors were studied with VFA and glucose wastewaters to clarify the role of the micro-carrier and the influence of substrates on granular sludge formation. Based on these results, a scale-up model with a reactor volume of 800 1 was successfully operated using molasses wastewater to demonstrate the feasibility of granular sludge formation in the MCB process.

Detection of fatty acid beta-oxidizing syntrophic bacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridization

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Menes ◽  
D. Travers
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Syntrophic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe, specific for the cluster of fatty acid β-oxidizing syntrophic bacteria of the family Syntrophomonadaceae was designed for fluorescence in situ hybridization. This probe was evaluated with target as well as non-target cultures. Moreover this probe was assessed with butyrate and oleate degrading enrichment cultures and methanogenic sludges from full-scale plants. The results showed that the probe revealed the presence of fatty acid β-oxidizing syntrophic bacteria in some of the samples analyzed. However, cell quantification was possible only in enrichment cultures and in a flocculent sludge from a reactor that treats lipid-rich wastewaters, but not in methanogenic granular sludges from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors.

Enterovirus is Not Present in Placentas from Cases of Perinatal Depression Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cover ◽  
Edwina Popek ◽  
Myra Wyckoff ◽  
N. Kristine Leos ◽  
Beverly Barton Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Enteroviruses have been implicated as a cause of low Apgar scores in conjunction with perinatal seizures and respiratory insufficiency. Using in-situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (in-situ PCR), Nuovo et al detected enterovirus in up to 86% of placentas from perinates exhibiting these symptoms. In-situ PCR has been the only method employed to assess for the presence of enterovirus in this specific patient population. The purpose of our study was to use PCR amplification of enterovirus from extracted RNA to confirm these observations. RNA was extracted from 26 placentas of infants with low Apgar scores, perinatal seizures, and respiratory insufficiency. Each extraction was positive for beta-actin RNA, which confirmed that the integrity of RNA was maintained in the sample. Enterovirus RNA was not detected in any of the cases. Our results indicate that enterovirus is not present in placentas from neonates with the combination of low Apgar scores, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, as previously reported.

Genetics of Head and Neck Cancer: Advances in Molecular Research

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P101-P102
Author(s):  
Michael S. Benninger ◽  
Daniel Van Dyke ◽  
Carol Bradford ◽  
Thomas Carey
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Microsatellite Repeat ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Educational objectives: To be familiar with cytogenetic and molecular data on early, advanced, recurrent metastatic head and neck cancers, and to understand common methodologies for genetic and molecular assessment including fluorescence in situ hybridization, microsatellite repeat polymorphisms, and polymerase chain reaction, as well as the role of human papilloma virus in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

scholarly journals Acquisition and Transmission of Peanut clump virus by Polymyxa graminis on Cereal Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Dieryck ◽  
Jeannine Weyns ◽  
Diane Doucet ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
Anne Legrève
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The objective of this study was to investigate the specificity of the interactions between Polymyxa graminis, Peanut clump virus (PCV), and cereals, particularly the acquisition and the transmission of the virus by three P. graminis formae speciales. A new strategy has been developed: it involves using sugarcane as the common host for both the virus and its vector in order to produce the viruliferous zoospores of P. graminis f. sp. subtropicalis, temperata, and tropicalis that were then inoculated on cereal species. This experiment enabled the role of P. graminis f. sp. tropicalis and subtropicalis zoospores in PCV transmission to be demonstrated. The efficiency of this transmission was shown to vary, depending on the P. graminis special forms. Interestingly, the high transmission of the PCV isolate from Burkina Faso by an isolate of P. graminis f. sp. tropicalis from Niger on pearl millet suggests that there is a coevolution mechanism in this pathosystem. The study also provides evidence that the host plant species in which Polymyxa zoospores are produced could affect the infectivity of the vector. Finally, using Polymyxa quantitation by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ observations of the virus, the study demonstrates the independence of the development of PCV and its vector in the host plants.

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