Advances in membrane materials: desalination membranes based on directly copolymerized disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Ho-Bum Park ◽  
Joseph Cook ◽  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Gwangsu Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The water and salt transport properties of chlorine tolerant disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPS) copolymers have been characterized. Cast BPS membranes of both salt form and acid form with sulfonation levels from 20% to 40% were investigated. Water permeability of BPS films increases more than one order of magnitude as sulfonation level increases from 20% to 40%, while the salt permeability of the corresponding membranes increases two orders of magnitude. Moderate salt rejection (98.2%) was achieved by a BPS salt form membrane with a sulfonation level of 20%.

Effect of Free Volume on Water and Salt Transport Properties in Directly Copolymerized Disulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Random Copolymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 4428-4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Hao Ju ◽  
Geoffrey M. Geise ◽  
Benny D. Freeman ◽  
James I. Mardel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Arylene Ether

Influence of processing history on water and salt transport properties of disulfonated polysulfone random copolymers

Polymer ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Geoffrey M. Geise ◽  
Benny D. Freeman ◽  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
James E. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Processing History

Fundamental salt and water transport properties in directly copolymerized disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers

Polymer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2032-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Joe Cook ◽  
Ho Bum Park ◽  
Benny D. Freeman ◽  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Water Transport Properties

Glomerulotubular balance in a mathematical model of the proximal nephron

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. F612-F626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Filtration Fraction ◽  
Epithelial Junctions ◽  
Permeability Increase ◽  
Glomerulotubular Balance

A nonelectrolyte model of proximal tubule epithelium has been extended by the inclusion of a compliant tight junction. Here "compliance" signifies that both the junctional salt and water permeability increase and the salt reflection coefficient decreases in response to small pressure differences from lateral interspace to tubule lumen. In previous models of rat proximal tubule, there has been virtually no sensitivity of isotonic salt transport to changes in peritubular oncotic force. With the inclusion of junctional compliance, decreases in peritubular protein can open the junction and produce a secretory salt flux. Thus the model can represent the "backflux hypothesis," as it was originally put forth (J. E. Lewy and E. E. Windhager, Am. J. Physiol. 214: 943-954, 1968). Additional calculations, simulating a tight junction with negligible water permeability, reveal that the quantitative impact of peritubular protein can be realized whether or not there is substantial junctional water flux. The epithelial model of proximal tubule has also been incorporated into a model of the proximal nephron, complete with glomerulus, peritubular capillary, and interstitium. The interstitial compartment is well mixed and interstitial pressure and osmolality are determined iteratively to achieve balance between tubule reabsorption and capillary uptake. For this model, two domains of operation are identified. When interstitial pressures are low, junctions are closed, and filtration fraction has no effect on proximal reabsorption. When interstitial pressures are relatively elevated, epithelial junctions are open, and proximal salt reabsorption changes in proportion to changes in filtration fraction. In neither domain, however, does the model tubule augment salt flux with isolated increases in luminal flow rate (at constant filtration fraction). The absence of a separate effect of tubule fluid flow on salt transport precludes perfect glomerulotubular balance.

Dielectric properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile ketone) copolymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Mao ◽  
Yong You ◽  
Lifen Tong ◽  
Xiaohe Tang ◽  
Renbo Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Energy Storage Density ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Ether Ketone

A series of poly(arylene ether nitrile ketone) (PENK) random copolymers are successfully synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone with various bisphenol monomers (4,4′-biphenol, bisphenol A, phenolphthalein, and hydroquinone). Compared with poly(arylene ether ketone), the PENK copolymers possess better solubility in polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and so on. Because of the different molecular structures, the PENK copolymers exhibit thermal properties with their glass transition temperature ( T g) in the range of 171–237°C and 5% weight loss temperature ( T d) ranging from 409°C to 554°C. Moreover, all polymers with an intrinsic viscosity of approximately 1 dL/g show excellent film-forming properties and outstanding mechanical strength higher than 85 MPa. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of all derived copolymers is stable before their T g. The breakdown strength of the hydroquinone-derived PENK copolymer is as high as 253 kV/mm, resulting in an energy storage density of 1.00 J/cm3. These solvent processable PENK copolymers are potential dielectric candidates for high temperature applications.

Water and salt transport properties of zwitterionic polymers film

2015 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ni ◽  
Jianqiang Meng ◽  
Geoffery M. Geise ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Zwitterionic Polymers
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