High-Efficiency Solid State Heat Pump Module

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

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High-Efficiency Longitudinal Diode Bar Pumping of Solid-State Lasers.

10.21236/ada291180 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

Todd S. Rose ◽

James S. Swenson ◽

Renny A. Fields

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Solid State Lasers

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A Study on the Performance of Drinking Fountain Using CO2 Heat Pump under Different System Pressures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2433 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44-47 ◽

pp. 2433-2437 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Lieh Wu ◽

Yu Dai Shiue ◽

Kuo Hsiang Chien ◽

Chiu Li Wang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Heat Source ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

High Performance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Electric Heating ◽

Alternative Refrigerant ◽

Saving Effect ◽

Natural Refrigerant

To avoid continuous damage of ozone layer and deterioration of global warming, many countries have devoted to the development and application of natural refrigerant. Although CO2, an alternative refrigerant in the area of air conditioning is not the best all-temperature refrigerant, it has the lowest operating risk as compared to hydrocarbon (HCs) and ammonia.Traditional drinking fountain provides heat source through secondary energy source - electric heating; however, the heating effect is limited. Since heat pump has a high performance, this study used a carbon dioxide heat pump, which has energy-saving effect and high efficiency, to provide heat source to drinking fountains. It further assembled the drinking fountain system with carbon dioxide heat pump and analyzed its performance.

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