scholarly journals Quantum Sensing and its Potential for Nuclear Safeguards.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Farley
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Quantum Sensing

scholarly journals Dynamic Framework for Criticality-Enhanced Quantum Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoming Chu ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Baiyi Yu ◽  
Jianming Cai
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Quantum Sensing

scholarly journals Quantitative imaging and automated fuel pin identification for passive gamma emission tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fang ◽  
Yoann Altmann ◽  
Daniele Della Latta ◽  
Massimiliano Salvatori ◽  
Angela Di Fulvio
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Gamma Emission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fuel Rods

AbstractCompliance of member States to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is monitored through nuclear safeguards. The Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) system is a novel instrument developed within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) project JNT 1510, which included the European Commission, Finland, Hungary and Sweden. The PGET is used for the verification of spent nuclear fuel stored in water pools. Advanced image reconstruction techniques are crucial for obtaining high-quality cross-sectional images of the spent-fuel bundle to allow inspectors of the IAEA to monitor nuclear material and promptly identify its diversion. In this work, we have developed a software suite to accurately reconstruct the spent-fuel cross sectional image, automatically identify present fuel rods, and estimate their activity. Unique image reconstruction challenges are posed by the measurement of spent fuel, due to its high activity and the self-attenuation. While the former is mitigated by detector physical collimation, we implemented a linear forward model to model the detector responses to the fuel rods inside the PGET, to account for the latter. The image reconstruction is performed by solving a regularized linear inverse problem using the fast-iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm. We have also implemented the traditional filtered back projection (FBP) method based on the inverse Radon transform for comparison and applied both methods to reconstruct images of simulated mockup fuel assemblies. Higher image resolution and fewer reconstruction artifacts were obtained with the inverse-problem approach, with the mean-square-error reduced by 50%, and the structural-similarity improved by 200%. We then used a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically identify the bundle type and extract the pin locations from the images; the estimated activity levels finally being compared with the ground truth. The proposed computational methods accurately estimated the activity levels of the present pins, with an associated uncertainty of approximately 5%.

scholarly journals Quantum Sensing and Control of Spin-State Dynamics in the Radical-Pair Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Finkler ◽  
Durga Dasari
Keyword(s):  
Spin State ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Quantum Sensing ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Terahertz quantum sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaz8065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Kutas ◽  
Björn Haase ◽  
Patricia Bickert ◽  
Felix Riexinger ◽  
Daniel Molter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Coherent Detection ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Terahertz Frequency ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Quantum Sensing ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Detection Schemes

Quantum sensing is highly attractive for accessing spectral regions in which the detection of photons is technically challenging: Sample information is gained in the spectral region of interest and transferred via biphoton correlations into another spectral range, for which highly sensitive detectors are available. This is especially beneficial for terahertz radiation, where no semiconductor detectors are available and coherent detection schemes or cryogenically cooled bolometers have to be used. Here, we report on the first demonstration of quantum sensing in the terahertz frequency range in which the terahertz photons interact with a sample in free space and information about the sample thickness is obtained by the detection of visible photons. As a first demonstration, we show layer thickness measurements with terahertz photons based on biphoton interference. As nondestructive layer thickness measurements are of high industrial relevance, our experiments might be seen as a first step toward industrial quantum sensing applications.

Plutonium measurements with a fast-neutron multiplicity counter for nuclear safeguards applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Dolan ◽  
Marek Flaska ◽  
Alexis Poitrasson-Riviere ◽  
Andreas Enqvist ◽  
Paolo Peerani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Neutron Multiplicity ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards

USING COLLABORATIVE FILTERING FOR DEALING WITH MISSING VALUES IN NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS EVALUATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 431-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA M. RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
LUIS MARTÍNEZ ◽  
DA RUAN ◽  
JUN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Trust Measure ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Linguistic

Nuclear safeguards evaluation aims to verify that countries are not misusing nuclear programs for nuclear weapons purposes. Experts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) carry out an evaluation process in which several hundreds of indicators are assessed according to the information obtained from different sources, such as State declarations, on-site inspections, IAEA non-safeguards databases and other open sources. These assessments are synthesized in a hierarchical way to obtain a global assessment. Much information and many sources of information related to nuclear safeguards are vague, imprecise and ill-defined. The use of the fuzzy linguistic approach has provided good results to deal with such uncertainties in this type of problems. However, a new challenge on nuclear safeguards evaluation has attracted the attention of researchers. Due to the complexity and vagueness of the sources of information obtained by IAEA experts and the huge number of indicators involved in the problem, it is common that they cannot assess all of them appearing missing values in the evaluation, which can bias the nuclear safeguards results. This paper proposes a model based on collaborative filtering (CF) techniques to impute missing values and provides a trust measure that indicates the reliability of the nuclear safeguards evaluation with the imputed values.

scholarly journals Multiple ion counting measurement strategies by SIMS – a case study from nuclear safeguards and forensics

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2516-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. L. Hedberg ◽  
P. Peres ◽  
F. Fernandes ◽  
L. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Measurement Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards And Forensics ◽  
Isotope Measurements

This paper describes and discusses how isotope measurements of low content uranium materials can be optimized using a multi-ion counting system consisting of five discrete dynode electron multiplier (EM) detectors.

Multi-Element CZT Array for Nuclear Safeguards Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. C12073-C12073
Author(s):  
S.-W. Kwak ◽  
A.-R. Lee ◽  
J.-K. Shin ◽  
U.-R. Park ◽  
S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Safeguards

Spin centers in SiC for all-optical nanoscale quantum sensing under ambient conditions

JETP Letters ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Anisimov ◽  
R. A. Babunts ◽  
S. V. Kidalov ◽  
E. N. Mokhov ◽  
V. A. Soltamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Quantum Sensing

Neutron flux from a 14-MeV neutron generator with tungsten filter for research in NDA methods for nuclear safeguards and security

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rennhofer ◽  
B. Pedersen ◽  
J.-M. Crochemore ◽  
K. Baharuth-Ram
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards
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