The mechanisms of action of Botulinum Toxin type A in nociceptive and neuropathic pathways in Cancer Pain.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Reyes-Long ◽  
Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez ◽  
Jose Luis Cortes-Altamirano ◽  
Eleazar LaraPadilla ◽  
Elizabeth Herrera-Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nociceptive Transmission ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
Cancer Experience

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely employed for cosmetic purposes and in the treatment of certain diseases such as strabismus, hemifacial spasm and focal dystonia among others. BoNT-A effect mainly acts at the muscular level by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at presynaptic levels consequently blocking the action potential in the neuromuscular junction. Despite the great progress in approval and pharmaceutical usage, improvement in displacing BoNT-A to other pathologies has remained short. Patients under diagnosis of several types of cancer experience pain in a myriad of ways; it can be experienced as hyperalgesia or allodynia, and the severity of the pain depends, in some degree, on the place that the tumor is located. Pain relief in patients diagnosed with cancer is not always optimal, and as the disease progresses, transition to more aggressive drugs, like opioids is sometimes unavoidable. In recent years BoNT-A employment in cancer has been explored, as well as an antinociceptive drug; experiments in neuropathic, inflammatory and acute pain have been carried out in animal models and humans. Although its mechanism has not been fully cleared evidence has shown that BoNT-A inhibits the secretion of pain mediators (substance P, Glutamate, and calcitonin gene related protein) from the nerve endings and dorsal root ganglion, impacting directly on the nociceptive transmission through the anterolateral and trigeminothalamic systems. Aim: Collect available literature regarding molecular, physiological and neurobiological evidence of the BoNT-A in cancer patients suffering from acute, neuropathic and inflammatory pain in order to identify possible mechanisms of action in which the BoNT-A could impact positively in pain treatment. Conclusion: BoNT-A could be an important neo-adjuvant and coadjuvant in the treatment of several types of cancer, diminish pro-tumor activity and secondary pain.

scholarly journals Potentialities of botulinum therapy in cosmetology

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. M. Kapuler
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine

The desire to maintain youth as long as it possible in modern society, especially among women of working age, is primarily due to the desire to be in demand, well-groomed and attractive. Currently, there are 5 main methods that contribute to improving the condition of the skin of the face, namely: the method using professional cosmetics, chemical peels, mesotherapy, treatment with an injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and intradermal implants based on hyaluronic acid. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the latest scientific data on the possibility of botulinum therapy in cosmetology. Wrinkles of open areas of the body (primarily on the face and in the decollete) have a negative effect on the emotional background and quality of life of women. In this regard, recently there has been a significant increase in demand for aesthetic medicine services, one of the areas of which is botulinum therapy (BT). Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Injections of small doses of botulinum toxin type A into targeted mimic muscles cause their relaxation, which smoothes the underlying layer of the skin, thereby regressing mimic wrinkles. Today, according to officially approved indications, it is used in cosmetology, botulinum therapy is used to correct mimic wrinkles in the upper third of the face, drooping corners of the mouth, in the complex correction of the face oval, in the treatment of axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis. Blocking a tear mediator like acetylcholine, not only the presynaptic membranes of neuromuscular synapses are rich, but also many anatomical structures, such as glandular tissue (sweat, other glands, etc.). This commonality of the mechanism of action on various physiological processes in our body allows us to make an assumption about the great potential of botulinum therapy in the treatment of a number of diseases associated with impaired neuromuscular conduction.

Botulinum Toxin Injections for Facial Rhytides

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Foster ◽  
Matthew P. Ohr
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type B ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The U.S

Once feared for its deadly properties, Botulinum toxin is now revered for its effectiveness as a treatment in minimally invasive facial rejuvenation. The injection of Botulinum toxin is the most frequently performed nonsurgical cosmetic procedure, with at least 4.8 million procedures in 2009. First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 for the treatment of strabismus, Botulinum toxin was shown to be both safe and effective for use to decrease muscle function. Botulinum toxin’s cosmetic applications were first recognized when it was noted that facial rhytides improved in the areas of treatment with the toxin when it was used for noncosmetic applications in the late 1980s and early 1990s. FDA approval for cosmetic treatment of the glabellar furrows was announced in 2002, and off-label aesthetic indications have continued to evolve. Botulinum toxin is produced by the gram-positive, anaerobic Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxin acts on the peripheral nervous system, where it inhibits release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction. There are seven distinct antigenic Botulinum toxins (BTX-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) produced by different strains of C. botulinum. The human nervous system is susceptible to only five of these serotypes (BTX-A, B, E, F, G), and types A and B are currently available for human injection. In the United States, there are four commercially available Botulinum toxin preparations: three types of Botulinum toxin type A, OnabotulinumtoxinA or Botox Cosmetic® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA), IncobotulinumtoxinA or Xeomin (Merz, Frankfort Germany), and abobotulinumtoxinA or Dysport (Medicis, Scottsdale, AZ). There is one preparation of Botulinum toxin type B, RimabotulinumtoxinB or Myobloc® (Elan Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA). Other Botulinum toxin type A products are anticipated to come to the U.S. market in the next decade as well. Different formulations of Botulinum toxin type A are biochemically unique and are not necessarily equivalent in dosing. The Botox unit is three times as potent as the Dysport unit, but this conversion ratio does not take into consideration safety or antigenic potential. Practically speaking, a range of 2.5 to 3 to one has been recommended to make Dysport dosing approximate the effects of Botox.

scholarly journals Advances in botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shisheng Jiang ◽  
Chaoming Huang ◽  
Yantianyu Yang ◽  
Shuhan Gao ◽  
Zihan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Foodborne Botulism

<i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (CB) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium and a significant cause of food spoilage. Foodborne botulism occurs worldwide every year and even lead to death from respiratory distress in severe cases after eating botulism-contaminated food. The pathogenicity of CB lies in its ability to produce a potent neurotoxin, “botulinum toxin (BTX)”, for which eight different subtypes have already been isolated so far. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used to treat critical clinical issues due to its good affinity and tolerability. Studies have shown that BTX-A injections effectively treat myofascial pain, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain. The current article mainly reviews the latest research progress using BTX-A in pain treatment during two years.

scholarly journals Potentialities of botulinum therapy in cosmetology

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. M. Kapuler
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine

The desire to maintain youth as long as it possible in modern society, especially among women of working age, is primarily due to the desire to be in demand, well-groomed and attractive. Currently, there are 5 main methods that contribute to improving the condition of the skin of the face, namely: the method using professional cosmetics, chemical peels, mesotherapy, treatment with an injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and intradermal implants based on hyaluronic acid. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the latest scientific data on the possibility of botulinum therapy in cosmetology. Wrinkles of open areas of the body (primarily on the face and in the decollete) have a negative effect on the emotional background and quality of life of women. In this regard, recently there has been a significant increase in demand for aesthetic medicine services, one of the areas of which is botulinum therapy (BT). Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Injections of small doses of botulinum toxin type A into targeted mimic muscles cause their relaxation, which smoothes the underlying layer of the skin, thereby regressing mimic wrinkles. Today, according to officially approved indications, it is used in cosmetology, botulinum therapy is used to correct mimic wrinkles in the upper third of the face, drooping corners of the mouth, in the complex correction of the face oval, in the treatment of axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis. Blocking a tear mediator like acetylcholine, not only the presynaptic membranes of neuromuscular synapses are rich, but also many anatomical structures, such as glandular tissue (sweat, other glands, etc.). This commonality of the mechanism of action on various physiological processes in our body allows us to make an assumption about the great potential of botulinum therapy in the treatment of a number of diseases associated with impaired neuromuscular conduction.

Improvement in Both Raynaud Disease and Hyperhidrosis in Response to Botulinum Toxin Type a Treatment.

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irèn Kossintseva ◽  
Benjamin Barankin
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Positive Results

Background: A patient with concurrent Raynaud disease presented for Hyperhidrosis of the axillae and palms. After a positive response to botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for axillary hyperhidrosis, she returned requesting palmar treatment. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the effect of BoNTA on Raynaud disease in concurrent hyperhidrosis with respect to color change, swelling, and digital pain. Methods: The patient had treatment with 100 units of BoNTA to one hand at first, with the other being a negative control, followed by treatment of the second hand 1 week later. Results: After the injection into the first palm, the patient demonstrated an 85% reduction in palmar hyperhidrosis and a significant improvement in her Raynaud symptoms. Specifically, the BoNTA-treated hand had reduced swelling, color change, and pain, whereas the untreated control hand remained affected. After the second hand was treated, it, too, demonstrated the same positive results. Conclusions: Our case report of concurrent Raynaud disease and palmar hyperhidrosis shows significant improvement in both conditions to BoNTA administration. The physiology is multifactorial and relates to BoNTA's effect on acetylcholine, noradrenaline, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and glutamate release from nerve terminals. These results present an encouraging novel treatment option in dermatology for patients with Raynaud disease.

Prevention of diisopropylphosphorofluoridate-induced myopathy by botulinum toxin type A blockage of quantal release of acetylcholine

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sket ◽  
W. -D. Dettbarn ◽  
M. E. Clinton ◽  
K. E. Misulis ◽  
J. Sketelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Quantal Release ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document