Advances on the Bioactivities, Total Synthesis, Structural Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Cytisine Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Huang ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Quinolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Cytisine Derivatives ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Lactam Ring

Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from various Leguminosae plants. Cytisine and its derivatives exhibit a broad range of biological properties, such as smoking cessation aid, antidepressant, neuroprotective, nootropic, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, insecticidal, and nematicidal activities. In this review, the progress of cytisine and its derivatives in regard to bioactivities, total synthesis, structural modifications focusing on their N-12 position and lactam ring is reported. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of cytisine and its derivatives are also discussed.

Cholesterol: Bioactivities, Structural Modification, Mechanisms of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong Zhang ◽  
Tianze Li ◽  
Xijie Shan ◽  
Rongfei Lu ◽  
Shaoyong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity

: Cholesterol, a steroid alcohol, was discovered by M.E. Chevreul in 1815. Cholesterol and its derivatives showed a large variety of biological properties such as anticancer activity, anticardiac activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-psychotic activity, antioxidant activity, drug-loaded activity, etc. In this mini-review, the advances of structural modification of cholesterol from 2014 to 2020 were summarized. In addition, the bioactivities, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships of cholesterol and its related derivatives were involved.

scholarly journals Comparison of the behavioral effects of mescaline analogs using the head twitch response in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L Halberstadt ◽  
Muhammad Chatha ◽  
Stephen J Chapman ◽  
Simon D Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Alkoxy Group ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Head Twitch ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Twitch Response ◽  
Distinct Structure ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Methoxy Substituent ◽  
Head Twitch Response

Background: In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in the effects and pharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. While a large amount of experimental work has been conducted to characterize the behavioral response to hallucinogens in rodents, there has been little systematic investigation of mescaline and its analogs. The hallucinogenic potency of mescaline is increased by α-methylation and by homologation of the 4-methoxy group but it not clear whether these structural modifications have similar effects on the activity of mescaline in rodent models. Methods: In the present study, the head twitch response (HTR), a 5-HT2A receptor-mediated behavior induced by serotonergic hallucinogens, was used to assess the effects of mescaline and several analogs in C57BL/6J mice. HTR experiments were conducted with mescaline, escaline (4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylethylamine) and proscaline (3,5-dimethoxy-4-propoxyphenylethylamine), their α-methyl homologs TMA (3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine), 3C-E (4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) and 3C-P (3,5-dimethoxy-4-propoxyamphetamine), and the 2,4,5-substituted regioisomers TMA-2 (2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine), MEM (4-ethoxy-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) and MPM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-propoxyamphetamine). Results: TMA induced the HTR and was twice as potent as mescaline. For both mescaline and TMA, replacing the 4-methoxy substituent with an ethoxy or propoxy group increased potency in the HTR assay. By contrast, although TMA-2 also induced the HTR with twice the potency of mescaline, potency was not altered by homologation of the 4-alkoxy group in TMA-2. Conclusions: The potency relationships for these compounds in mice closely parallel the human hallucinogenic data. These findings are consistent with evidence that 2,4,5- and 3,4,5-substituted phenylalkylamine hallucinogens exhibit distinct structure-activity relationships. These results provide additional evidence that the HTR assay can be used to investigate the structure-activity relationships of serotonergic hallucinogens.

Total synthesis and structure–activity relationships of new echinocandin-like antifungal cyclolipohexapeptides

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Yao ◽  
Hongming Liu ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Hai Chen ◽  
Zhenyuan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity

Total Synthesis of 2‴,5‴-Diepisilvestrol and Its C1‴ Epimer: Key Structure Activity Relationships at C1‴ and C2‴

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Chambers ◽  
David C. S. Huang ◽  
Lisa M. Lindqvist ◽  
G. Paul Savage ◽  
Jonathan M. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity
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