Consistency of Toe Systolic Pressures, Brachial Systolic Pressures, and Toe-Brachial Indices in People with and without Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Trevethan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
Brachial Systolic Pressure

Background & Aims: Toe Systolic Blood Pressures (TSPs) and Toe-Brachial Indices (TBIs) have been identified as useful adjuncts in the identification of pedal ischemia, peripheral artery occlusive diseases, and risk for either nonhealing of lower extremity wounds or for amputation. Valid measurement of TSPs and TBIs is therefore essential. However, it could be jeopardized by rater, instrument, and intratestee inconsistency. These three sources of inconsistency were examined in this research. Methods: Five publications addressing TSP and TBI consistency were identified and their results were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Moderate variability in TSPs was found across all studies; greater variability was evidenced in brachial systolic pressure, particularly for people who had diabetes; and TBI values also exhibited considerable variability, but little difference between people who did and did not have diabetes. Conclusion: These findings provide qualified evidence of consistency regarding measurement of TSPs but challenge TBI as a valid and useful indicator in screening, prognostic, and monitoring contexts, particularly for people who have diabetes. However, there is a prospect that TBI assessment could be improved by adherence to standardized protocols and by obtaining multiple measurements from toes and arms on a single occasion as well as on different occasions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematic Curves during Overground and Treadmill Running

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Fellin ◽  
Kurt Manal ◽  
Irene S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Discrete Variables ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Curve Similarity

Researchers conduct gait analyses utilizing both overground and treadmill modes of running. Previous studies comparing these modes analyzed discrete variables. Recently, techniques involving quantitative pattern analysis have assessed kinematic curve similarity in gait. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare hip, knee and rearfoot 3-D kinematics between overground and treadmill running using quantitative kinematic curve analysis. Twenty runners ran at 3.35 m/s ± 5% during treadmill and overground conditions while right lower extremity kinematics were recorded. Kinematics of the hip, knee and rearfoot at footstrike and peak were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients. Kinematic curves during stance phase were compared using the trend symmetry method within each subject. The overall average trend symmetry was high, 0.94 (1.0 is perfect symmetry) between running modes. The transverse plane and knee frontal plane exhibited lower similarity (0.86–0.90). Other than a 4.5 degree reduction in rearfoot dorsiflexion at footstrike during treadmill running, all differences were ≤1.5 degrees. 17/18 discrete variables exhibited modest correlations (>0.6) and 8/18 exhibited strong correlations (>0.8). In conclusion, overground and treadmill running kinematic curves were generally similar when averaged across subjects. Although some subjects exhibited differences in transverse plane curves, overall, treadmill running was representative of overground running for most subjects.

Inter- and Intratester Reliability of Lower Extremity Circumference Measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Harrelson ◽  
Deidre Leaver-Dunn ◽  
A. Louise Fincher ◽  
James D. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Joint Line ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male High School

The purpose of this study was to examine the inter- and intratester reliability of lower extremity circumference measurements obtained by two testers using the same tape measure and two different tape measures. Twenty-one male high school student-athletes participated in this study. Two testers measured lower extremity circumference at three sites using a standard flexible tape measure and a Lufkin tape measure with a Gulick spring-loaded handle attachment. Measurement sites were medial joint line, 20 cm above medial joint line, and 15 cm below medial joint line. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed for inter- and intratester comparisons for each measuring device and each measurement site. Results indicated high reliability but a significant difference between the two tape measures. These findings indicate that the reliability of lower extremity circumference measurements is not influenced by tester experience and that the Lufkin tape measure with the Gulick handle attachment is the more accurate of the two tape measures.

Reliability of Lower Extremity Strength Measurements Using the Belt-Resisted Method

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Desrosiers ◽  
François Prince ◽  
Annie Rochette ◽  
Michel Raîche
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The objectives of this study were to standardize measurement procedures and study the test-retest and interrater reliability of the belt-resisted method for measuring the lower extremity isometric strength of three muscle groups. The strength of 33 healthy, elderly, community-dwelling subjects was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer using the belt-resisted method. Isometric strength testing of three muscle groups (hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors) was performed on two separate occasions, I week apart, by the same tester to determine test-retest reliability. The test results of two different examiners testing on different days were used to determine interrater reliability. Test-retest reliability was higher than interrater reliability. Test-retest reliability coefficients of the three muscle groups were high (J9-.95). For interrater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients varied from .64 to .92. depending on the muscle group and side. For the two kinds of reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients increased from proximal to distal. The method for the hip muscle group should be modified to increase reliability of the measure.

scholarly journals Association Between Markerless Motion Capture Screenings and Musculoskeletal Injury Risk for Military Trainees: A Large Cohort and Reliability Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712110416
Author(s):  
Ben R. Hando ◽  
W. Casan Scott ◽  
Jacob F. Bryant ◽  
Juste N. Tchandja ◽  
Ryan M. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Markerless Motion Capture ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: Markerless motion capture (MMC) systems used to screen for musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) risk have become popular in military and collegiate athletic settings. However, little is known regarding the test-retest reliability or, more importantly, the ability of these systems to accurately identify individuals at risk for MSKI. Purpose: To determine the association between scores from a proprietary MMC movement screen test and the likelihood of suffering a subsequent MSKI and establish the test-retest reliability of the MMC system used. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Trainees for the Air Force Special Warfare program underwent MMC screenings immediately before entering the 8-week training course. MSKI data were extracted from a database for the surveillance period for each trainee. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between baseline MMC scores and the likelihood of suffering any MSKI or, specifically, a lower extremity MSKI. The test-retest portion of the study collected MMC scores from 10 separate participants performing 4 trials of the standard test procedures. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients by a single rater. Results: Overall, 1570 trainees, of whom 800 (51%) suffered an MSKI, were included in the analysis. MMC scores poorly predicted the likelihood of any or a lower extremity MSKI (odds ratio, 1.01-1.02). Further, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated poor sensitivity and specificity for prediction of MSKI with MMC scores (area under the curve = 0.53). Finally, intraclass correlation coefficients from the test-retest analysis of MMC scores ranged from 0.157 to 0.602. Conclusion: This MMC system displayed poor to moderate test-retest reliability and did not demonstrate the ability to discriminate between individuals who were and were not likely to suffer an MSKI.

scholarly journals The Reliability of Portable Fixed Dynamometry During Hip and Knee Strength Assessments

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Kollock ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Bonnie Van Lunen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Strength

Abstract Context: Insufficient lower extremity strength may be a risk factor for lower extremity injuries such as noncontact anterior cruciate ligament tears. Therefore, clinicians need reliable instruments to assess strength deficiencies. Objective: To assess the intrarater, interrater, intrasession, and intersession reliability of a portable fixed dynamometer in measuring the strength of the hip and knee musculature. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Three raters (A, B, C) participated in this 2-phase study. Raters A and B tested 11 healthy college graduate students (2 men, 9 women) in phase 1. Raters A and C tested 26 healthy college undergraduate students (7 men, 19 women) in phase 2. Main Outcome Measure(s): The dependent variables for the study were hip adductor, hip abductor, hip flexor, hip extensor, hip internal rotator, hip external rotator, knee flexor, and knee extensor peak force. Results: The phase 1 intrasession intraclass correlation coefficients for sessions 1, 2, and 3 ranged from 0.88 to 0.99 (SEM  =  0.08–3.02 N), 0.85 to 0.99 (SEM  =  0.26–3.88 N), and 0.92 to 0.96 (SEM  =  0.52–2.76 N), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.57 to 0.95 (SEM  =  1.72–13.15 N) for phase 1 intersession values, 0.70 to 0.94 (SEM  =  1.42–9.20 N) for phase 2 intrarater reliability values, and 0.69 to 0.88 (SEM  =  1.20–8.50 N) for phase 2 interrater values. Conclusions: The portable fixed dynamometer showed good to high intrasession and intersession reliability values for hip and knee strength. Intrarater and interrater reliability were fair to high, except for hip internal rotation, which showed poor reliability.

Intra- and Inter-Examiner Repeatability of Diagnostic Peri-implant Clinical Measurement: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Di Gianfilippo ◽  
Houssam Askar ◽  
James Henderson ◽  
Debora Franceschi ◽  
Hom-Lay Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Examiner Agreement

Despite the crucial role of examiner reliability on quality research and practice, there is still limited literature analyzing factors affecting examiner variability of peri-implant clinical measurements. The present study investigated clinical peri-implant parameters to quantify their repeatability and investigate factors that may affect their accuracy. Thirty-three implants were examined by four operators. Peri-implant probing depth (PD), recession (REC) and gingival index (GI) were measured for agreement and included for analysis. Agreement was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 95% CI); mixed linear and logistic regressions were used to assess additional variables. The overall inter-examiner agreement was comparable between PD (0.80) and REC (0.78), but significantly worse for GI (0.45) (p<0.001). Similarly, the intra-examiner agreement was similar for PD (0.81) and REC (0.80), but significantly worse for GI (0.57) (p<0.05). The magnitude of PD did not influence agreement. In contrast, increasing disagreement was noted for positive REC (OR: 3.0), negative REC (OR: 4.8) and lower GI (OR: 4.4). The incidence of bleeding on probing and severity of GI increased for deeper PD (0.113 unit increase per mm). Negative and positive values of recession and lower GI were associated with increasing disagreement. Radiographic bone loss, restoration contour and implant diameter did not impact PD accuracy within this study. In conclusion, within the limitations of the study, GI measurements presented higher variability than PD and REC. PD and GI were associated with one another and increased after multiple measurements.

Reliability of a Barre-Mounted Dynamometer-Stabilizing Device in Measuring Dance-Specific Muscle Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Melissa Strzelinski ◽  
Lori Thein Brody ◽  
Jo Armour Smith ◽  
Shaw Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

BACKGROUND: Hand-held dynamometry is considered an efficient, effective, and portable means of objectively measuring lower extremity strength; however, it has yet to be studied specific to dance-relevant muscle performance. Also, dynamometry is often criticized for variability in results based on tester strength and sex. Use of an external stabilizing device has been suggested to minimize differences in outcomes between male and female testers by reducing variability associated with tester strength limitations. Therefore, this study used a barre-mounted, portable dynamometer stabilizing device to improve consistency of results among different testers for assessing hip and lower extremity muscle performance in dance-relevant positions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of a barre-mounted dynamometer stabilizing device in measuring muscle performance in common dance maneuvers. METHODS: Two testers assessed muscle performance of three common dance maneuvers-—développé en avant, à la secondé, and arabesque-—on 11 pre-professional and professional dancers on two separate occasions to establish intra- and inter-rater reliability of the barre-mounted dynamometer stabilizing device. RESULTS: Intra-rater reliability was moderate to high and inter-rater reliability of the device was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.527–0.851 and 0.834–0.953, respectively, for all positions. CONCLUSIONS: The barre-mounted stabilizing device shows promise in mitigating tester strength or fatigue in assessing muscle performance of dancers. Initial assessment of the device suggests further study may be indicated to improve generalizability to applications of larger-scale muscle performance screening and assessment in dancers or other athletic populations who engage in movements that require extensive hip range of motion and multi-joint stability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Using a portable, barre-mounted stabilizing device in assessing multi-joint lower extremity muscle performance in dancers improves consistency of testing results. Application of this testing device into wider scale screenings could assist in developing normative data for a population that is lacking.

Within-Session Reliability and Minimum Detectable Differences for Discrete Lower-Extremity Angles and Moments During Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Hawkins ◽  
Clare E. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Walking Biomechanics ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Better Than

Differences in walking biomechanics between groups or conditions should be greater than the measurement error to be considered meaningful. Reliability and minimum detectable differences (MDDs) have not been determined for lower-extremity angles and moments during walking within a session, as needed for interpreting differences in cross-sectional studies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine within-session reliability and MDDs for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments during walking. Three-dimensional gait analysis was used to record walking at 1.25 m/s (±5%) in 18 men, 18–50 years of age. Peak angles and moments were calculated for 2 sets of 3 trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients (3, 3) were used to determine within-session reliability. In addition, MDDs were calculated. Within-session reliability was good to excellent for all variables. The MDDs ranged from 0.9° to 3.6° for joint angles and 0.06 to 0.15 N·m/kg for joint moments. Within-session reliability for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments was better than the between-session reliability reported previously. Overall, our MDDs were similar or smaller than those previously reported for between-session reliability. The authors recommend using these MDDs to aid in the interpretation of cross-sectional comparisons of lower-extremity biomechanics during walking in healthy men.

Interobserver Reliability Using the Phonetic Level Evaluation With Severely and Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Truman E. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

This study examines whether observers reliably categorize selected speech production behaviors in hearing-impaired children. A group of experienced speech-language pathologists was trained to score the elicited imitations of 5 profoundly and 5 severely hearing-impaired subjects using the Phonetic Level Evaluation (Ling, 1976). Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Overall, the magnitude of the coefficients was found to be considerably below what would be accepted in published behavioral research. Failure to obtain acceptably high levels of reliability suggests that the Phonetic Level Evaluation may not yet be an accurate and objective speech assessment measure for hearing-impaired children.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between the overhead press and split jerk maximum performance? Influence of sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Marcos A Soriano ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Antonio Torres-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

The aims of this study were to (I) determine the differences and relationship between the overhead press and split jerk performance in athletes involved in weightlifting training, and (II) explore the magnitude of these differences in one-repetition maximum (1RM) performances between sexes. Sixty-one men (age: 30.4 ± 6.7 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.5 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.5 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.7 ± 3.5 yrs) and 21 women (age: 29.5 ± 5.2 yrs; height: 1.7 ± 0.5 m; body mass: 62.6 ± 5.7 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.0 ± 1.5 yrs) participated. The 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk were assessed for all participants, with the overhead press assessed on two occasions to determine between-session reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals showed a high reliability for the overhead press ICC = 0.98 (0.97 – 0.99). A very strong correlation and significant differences were found between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances for all participants (r = 0.90 [0.93 – 0.85], 60.2 ± 18.3 kg, 95.7 ± 29.3 kg, p ≤ 0.001). Men demonstrated stronger correlations between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances (r = 0.83 [0.73-0.90], p ≤ 0.001) compared with women (r = 0.56 [0.17-0.80], p = 0.008). These results provide evidence that 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk performance are highly related, highlighting the importance of upper-limb strength in the split jerk maximum performance.

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