Within-Session Reliability and Minimum Detectable Differences for Discrete Lower-Extremity Angles and Moments During Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Hawkins ◽  
Clare E. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Walking Biomechanics ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Better Than

Differences in walking biomechanics between groups or conditions should be greater than the measurement error to be considered meaningful. Reliability and minimum detectable differences (MDDs) have not been determined for lower-extremity angles and moments during walking within a session, as needed for interpreting differences in cross-sectional studies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine within-session reliability and MDDs for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments during walking. Three-dimensional gait analysis was used to record walking at 1.25 m/s (±5%) in 18 men, 18–50 years of age. Peak angles and moments were calculated for 2 sets of 3 trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients (3, 3) were used to determine within-session reliability. In addition, MDDs were calculated. Within-session reliability was good to excellent for all variables. The MDDs ranged from 0.9° to 3.6° for joint angles and 0.06 to 0.15 N·m/kg for joint moments. Within-session reliability for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments was better than the between-session reliability reported previously. Overall, our MDDs were similar or smaller than those previously reported for between-session reliability. The authors recommend using these MDDs to aid in the interpretation of cross-sectional comparisons of lower-extremity biomechanics during walking in healthy men.

scholarly journals Automatic 3D dense phenotyping provides reliable and accurate shape quantification of the human mandible

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter-Jan Verhelst ◽  
H. Matthews ◽  
L. Verstraete ◽  
F. Van der Cruyssen ◽  
D. Mulier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Centroid Size ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Automatic Phenotyping

AbstractAutomatic craniomaxillofacial (CMF) three dimensional (3D) dense phenotyping promises quantification of the complete CMF shape compared to the limiting use of sparse landmarks in classical phenotyping. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of this new approach on the human mandible. Classic and automatic phenotyping techniques were applied on 30 unaltered and 20 operated human mandibles. Seven observers indicated 26 anatomical landmarks on each mandible three times. All mandibles were subjected to three rounds of automatic phenotyping using Meshmonk. The toolbox performed non-rigid surface registration of a template mandibular mesh consisting of 17,415 quasi landmarks on each target mandible and the quasi landmarks corresponding to the 26 anatomical locations of interest were identified. Repeated-measures reliability was assessed using root mean square (RMS) distances of repeated landmark indications to their centroid. Automatic phenotyping showed very low RMS distances confirming excellent repeated-measures reliability. The average Euclidean distance between manual and corresponding automatic landmarks was 1.40 mm for the unaltered and 1.76 mm for the operated sample. Centroid sizes from the automatic and manual shape configurations were highly similar with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of > 0.99. Reproducibility coefficients for centroid size were < 2 mm, accounting for < 1% of the total variability of the centroid size of the mandibles in this sample. ICC’s for the multivariate set of 325 interlandmark distances were all > 0.90 indicating again high similarity between shapes quantified by classic or automatic phenotyping. Combined, these findings established high accuracy and repeated-measures reliability of the automatic approach. 3D dense CMF phenotyping of the human mandible using the Meshmonk toolbox introduces a novel improvement in quantifying CMF shape.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

scholarly journals Integration of digital maxillary dental casts with 3D facial images in orthodontic patients:

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoxing Xiao ◽  
Zijin Liu ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Dental Casts

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) accuracy and reliability of nonradiographic dentofacial images integrated with a two-step method. Methods 3D facial images, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and digital maxillary dental casts were obtained from 20 pre-orthodontic subjects. Digital dental casts were integrated into 3D facial images using a two-step method based on the anterior tooth area. 3D coordinate values of five dental landmarks were identified in both dentofacial images and CBCT images. The accuracy of the integration method was assessed with paired t-tests between dentofacial images and CBCT-based reference standards. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were assessed for the reliability of dentofacial images and CBCT-based images. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated the accuracy of the method in different dimensions. Results There was no statistical difference between dentofacial images and CBCT reference standards in both translational and rotational dimensions (P &gt; .05). Translational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.42 mm and ICCs were over 0.998 in x, y, and z directions. Rotational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.92° and ICCs over 0.734 in pitch, yaw, and roll orientations. Integration errors were significantly greater in the first molar, z-translation, and pitch rotation (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Integrating 3D dentofacial images with the two-step method is precise and acceptable for clinical diagnostics and scientific purposes. Errors were greater in the molar region, z-translation, and pitch rotation.

scholarly journals Measurement of Cortical Dopamine D1 Receptor Binding with [11C]SCH 23390: A Test–Retest Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Hirvonen ◽  
Kjell Någren ◽  
Jaana Kajander ◽  
Jarmo Hietala
Keyword(s):  
Sch 23390 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Positron Emission

[11C]SCH 23390 is a standard ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) studies on striatal dopamine D1 receptors. Its usefulness for cortical D1 receptor quantification in human PET studies has been questioned but has not been addressed previously. The authors tested the reproducibility of [11C]SCH 23390 binding potential (BP) in cortical areas in five healthy volunteers using three-dimensional PET. Measurement of D1 receptor BP was reproducible in basal ganglia, as well as in all cortical areas studied (intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.92). The absolute variability in cortical areas was 9.21% ± 0.07%. The reproducibility of cortical D1 receptor BP measurement with [11C]SCH 23390 is equal to that observed with a more recent D1 -ligand, [11C]NNC 112. [11C]NNC 112 produces slightly higher specific-to-nonspecific binding ratios but has markedly slower kinetics resulting in a need for a longer scan time. These aspects should be considered when designing studies on the cortical D1 -like receptors.

Reproducibility of Acoustic Rhinometry in the Investigation of Occupational Rhinitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Castano ◽  
Gilles Thériault ◽  
Denyse Gautrin ◽  
Heberto Ghezzo ◽  
Carole Trudeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Rhinitis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Background To diagnose occupational rhinitis, it is mandatory to conduct an objective assessment of changes in nasal patency during specific inhalation challenge (SIC). The reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry measurements in the setting of occupational challenges has never been examined. This study assessed the reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry during SIC investigation of occupational rhinitis. Methods Twenty-four subjects underwent acoustic rhinometry measurements during SIC investigation of occupational rhinitis. Subjects attended 3–6 days of SIC within a week by means of a realistic or closed-circuit apparatus methodology Results All of the within-day intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for nasal volume (2–5 cm) and minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) based on a different number of measurements (2–7) were above 0.85; all of the coefficients of variation (CVs) for the same parameters were low (below 10%). The between-day CVs based on different numbers of SIC sessions ranged from 8.0 to 8.8% and from 6.8 to 8.8% for nasal volume and MCA, respectively. The between-day ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.88 and from 0.83 to 0.94 for nasal volume and MCA, respectively. Conclusion Acoustic rhinometry showed good within- and between-day reproducibility and can be recommended for the objective monitoring of nasal patency during SIC investigating occupational rhinitis.

scholarly journals Is the BESTest at Its Best? A Suggested Brief Version Based on Interrater Reliability, Validity, Internal Consistency, and Theoretical Construct

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parminder K. Padgett ◽  
Jesse V. Jacobs ◽  
Susan L. Kasser
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Hip Abductor

Background The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and Mini-BESTest are clinical examinations of balance impairment, but the tests are lengthy and the Mini-BESTest is theoretically inconsistent with the BESTest. Objective The purpose of this study was to generate an alternative version of the BESTest that is valid, reliable, time efficient, and founded upon the same theoretical underpinnings as the original test. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Three raters evaluated 20 people with and without a neurological diagnosis. Test items with the highest item-section correlations defined the new Brief-BESTest. The validity of the BESTest, the Mini-BESTest, and the new Brief-BESTest to identify people with or without a neurological diagnosis was compared. Interrater reliability of the test versions was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients. Validity was further investigated by determining the ability of each version of the examination to identify the fall status of a second cohort of 26 people with and without multiple sclerosis. Results Items of hip abductor strength, functional reach, one-leg stance, lateral push-and-release, standing on foam with eyes closed, and the Timed “Up & Go” Test defined the Brief-BESTest. Intraclass correlation coefficients for all examination versions were greater than .98. The accuracy of identifying people from the first cohort with or without a neurological diagnosis was 78% for the BESTest versus 72% for the Mini-BESTest or Brief-BESTest. The sensitivity to fallers from the second cohort was 100% for the Brief-BESTest, 71% for the Mini-BESTest, and 86% for the BESTest, and all versions exhibited specificity of 95% to 100% to identify nonfallers. Limitations Further testing is needed to improve the generalizability of findings. Conclusions Although preliminary, the Brief-BESTest demonstrated reliability comparable to that of the Mini-BESTest and potentially superior sensitivity while requiring half the items of the Mini-BESTest and representing all theoretically based sections of the original BESTest.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematic Curves during Overground and Treadmill Running

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Fellin ◽  
Kurt Manal ◽  
Irene S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Discrete Variables ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Curve Similarity

Researchers conduct gait analyses utilizing both overground and treadmill modes of running. Previous studies comparing these modes analyzed discrete variables. Recently, techniques involving quantitative pattern analysis have assessed kinematic curve similarity in gait. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare hip, knee and rearfoot 3-D kinematics between overground and treadmill running using quantitative kinematic curve analysis. Twenty runners ran at 3.35 m/s ± 5% during treadmill and overground conditions while right lower extremity kinematics were recorded. Kinematics of the hip, knee and rearfoot at footstrike and peak were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients. Kinematic curves during stance phase were compared using the trend symmetry method within each subject. The overall average trend symmetry was high, 0.94 (1.0 is perfect symmetry) between running modes. The transverse plane and knee frontal plane exhibited lower similarity (0.86–0.90). Other than a 4.5 degree reduction in rearfoot dorsiflexion at footstrike during treadmill running, all differences were ≤1.5 degrees. 17/18 discrete variables exhibited modest correlations (>0.6) and 8/18 exhibited strong correlations (>0.8). In conclusion, overground and treadmill running kinematic curves were generally similar when averaged across subjects. Although some subjects exhibited differences in transverse plane curves, overall, treadmill running was representative of overground running for most subjects.

Determination of Facial Symmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients from Three-Dimensional Data: Technical Report and Assessment of Measurement Errors

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Nkenke ◽  
Bernhard Lehner ◽  
Manuel Kramer ◽  
Gerd Haeusler ◽  
Stefanie Benz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Technical Report

Objective To assess measurement errors of a novel technique for the three-dimensional determination of the degree of facial symmetry in patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip and palate malformations. Design Technical report, reliability study. Setting Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. Patients The three-dimensional facial surface data of five 10-year-old unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were subjected to the analysis. Distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes were assessed twice. Main Outcome Measures Calculations were made for method error, intraclass correlation coefficient, and repeatability of the measurements of distances, angles, surface areas, and volumes. Results The method errors were less than 1 mm for distances and less than 1.5° for angles. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed values greater than .90 for all parameters. The repeatability values were comparable for cleft and noncleft sides. Conclusion The small method errors, high intraclass correlation coefficients, and comparable repeatability values for cleft and noncleft sides reveal that the new technique is appropriate for clinical use.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and reliability of three-dimensional soft tissue landmark identification using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Baysal ◽  
Ahmet Oguz Sahan ◽  
Mehmet Ali Ozturk ◽  
Tancan Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Landmark Identification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intraexaminer Reliability

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer reproducibility of soft tissue landmarks on three-dimensional (3-D) stereophogrammetric images. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four stereophotogrammetric images were taken and 19 soft tissue points were identified. The images were obtained using the 3-DMD Face (3-DMD TM Ltd, Atlanta, Ga) system. Two examiners marked 34 images manually with a mouse-driven cursor 4 weeks apart. Intraexaminer marking differences were calculated and classified as &lt;0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm, and &gt;1 mm. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for intraexaminer reliability. A paired-samples t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the examiners. Interexaminer reproducibility was evaluated by kappa analysis. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; .05. Results: Only one landmark (labiale superior) had an intraexaminer marking difference less than 0.5 mm. Existing landmarks had an intraexaminer difference less than 1 mm, but higher than 0.5 mm. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good intraexaminer repeatability for both observers. The ICC range for examiners 1 and 2 was 0.986–1.000 and 0.990–1.000, respectively. Kappa scores showed good interexaminer agreement, especially on the z-axis. Conclusions: Except labiale superior, the soft tissue landmarks used in this study were shown to have moderate reproducibility, but the difference between the landmarks was less than 1 mm, and they had clinically acceptable reproducibility.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision of Three Consumer-Grade Motion Sensors During Overground and Treadmill Walking in People With Parkinson Disease: Cross-Sectional Comparative Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Lai ◽  
Jeffer E Sasaki ◽  
Brenda Jeng ◽  
Katie L Cederberg ◽  
Marcas M Bamman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Manual Counting

BACKGROUND Wearable motion sensors are gaining popularity for monitoring free-living physical activity among people with Parkinson disease (PD), but more evidence supporting the accuracy and precision of motion sensors for capturing step counts is required in people with PD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the accuracy and precision of 3 common consumer-grade motion sensors for measuring actual steps taken during prolonged periods of overground and treadmill walking in people with PD. METHODS A total of 31 ambulatory participants with PD underwent 6-min bouts of overground and treadmill walking at a comfortable speed. Participants wore 3 devices (Garmin Vivosmart 3, Fitbit One, and Fitbit Charge 2 HR), and a single researcher manually counted the actual steps taken. Accuracy and precision were based on absolute and relative metrics, including intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Participants walked 628 steps over ground based on manual counting, and Garmin Vivosmart, Fitbit One, and Fitbit Charge 2 HR devices had absolute (relative) error values of 6 (6/628, 1.0%), 8 (8/628, 1.3%), and 30 (30/628, 4.8%) steps, respectively. ICC values demonstrated excellent agreement between manually counted steps and steps counted by both Garmin Vivosmart (0.97) and Fitbit One (0.98) but poor agreement for Fitbit Charge 2 HR (0.47). The absolute (relative) precision values for Garmin Vivosmart, Fitbit One, and Fitbit Charge 2 HR were 11.1 (11.1/625, 1.8%), 14.7 (14.7/620, 2.4%), and 74.4 (74.4/598, 12.4%) steps, respectively. ICC confidence intervals demonstrated low variability for Garmin Vivosmart (0.96 to 0.99) and Fitbit One (0.93 to 0.99) but high variability for Fitbit Charge 2 HR (–0.57 to 0.74). The Fitbit One device maintained high accuracy and precision values for treadmill walking, but both Garmin Vivosmart and Fitbit Charge 2 HR (the wrist-worn devices) had worse accuracy and precision for treadmill walking. CONCLUSIONS The waist-worn sensor (Fitbit One) was accurate and precise in measuring steps with overground and treadmill walking. The wrist-worn sensors were accurate and precise only during overground walking. Similar research should inform the application of these devices in clinical research and practice involving patients with PD.

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