scholarly journals The differential diagnostic value of the callosal angle and Evans index in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Linxiong Zong ◽  
Wenping Fan ◽  
Botao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evans Index

Background: Callosal angle (CA) and Evans index (EI) had been considered as imaging biomarkers to diagnosis normal-pressure hydrocephalus as traditional MR measurement methods. Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the differential diagnostic value of CA and EI in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Five-hundred and two subjects were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, which included 168 normal controls (NC), 233 MCI and 101 AD patients. The structural MR images were interactively applied with multiplanar reconstruction to measure the CA and EI. Results: CA presented no significant difference among NC, MCI and AD groups (H value = 3.848, P value = 0.146), and EI was demonstrated the higher in MCI and AD groups than that in NC groups (P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively). MCI group had significant larger EI (0.29±0.04) than that (0.27±0.03) in NC group in 70-75 years old sub-groups. ROC showed that the area under the curve was 0.704±0.045 for NC-MCI in 70-75 years old groups. The correlation analysis indicated that EI was significantly negatively related with MMSE scores of MCI patients (r = -0.131, P = 0.046). Conclusion: EI might serve as a screening imaging biomarker for MCI in 70-75 years old, and show limited differential value for the diagnosis of AD. CA could present no diagnostic value for MCI and AD in the current study.

scholarly journals Saffron for mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ayati ◽  
Guoyan Yang ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ayati ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Emami ◽  
Dennis Chang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus L.) from Iridaceae family is a well-known traditional herbal medicine that has been used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases such as depressive mood, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Recently, anti-dementia property of saffron has been indicated. However, the effects of saffron for the management of dementia remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of saffron in treating mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods An electronic database search of some major English and Chinese databases was conducted until 31st May 2019 to identify relevant randomised clinical trials (RCT). The primary outcome was cognitive function and the secondary outcomes included daily living function, global clinical assessment, quality of life (QoL), psychiatric assessment and safety. Rev-Man 5.3 software was applied to perform the meta-analyses. Results A total of four RCTs were included in this review. The analysis revealed that saffron significantly improves cognitive function measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sums of Boxes (CDR-SB), compared to placebo groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between saffron and conventional medicine, as measured by cognitive scales such as ADAS-cog and CDR-SB. Saffron improved daily living function, but the changes were not statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported in the included studies. Conclusions Saffron may have the potential to improve cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, due to limited high-quality studies there is insufficient evidence to make any recommendations for clinical use. Further clinical trials on larger sample sizes are warranted to shed more light on its efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Retinal Microvascular Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chua ◽  
Qinglan Hu ◽  
Mengyuan Ke ◽  
Bingyao Tan ◽  
Jimmy Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perfusion Density ◽  
Large Vessels

Abstract Background: The retina and brain share many neuronal and vasculature characteristics developmentally and potential biomarkers may be present in the retina. We investigated the retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 24 AD participants, 37 MCI participants, and 29 controls were diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria. OCTA images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP) of the retinal microvasculature were obtained using a commercial OCTA system (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 with AngioPlex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The main outcome measures were vessel density (VD) and fractal dimension (FD) in the SCP and DCP within a 2.5-mm ring around the fovea were compared between groups. Perfusion density of large vessels and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were additional outcome parameters.Results: Age, gender and race did not differ among groups. However, there was a significant difference in diabetes status (P=0.039), and systolic blood pressure (P=0.008) among the groups. After adjusting for confounders, AD participants showed significantly decreased VD in SCP and DCP (P = 0.005 and P = 0.016, respectively) and decreased FD in SCP (P = 0.008), compared to controls. MCI participants showed significantly decreased VD and FD only in SCP (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) and not the DCP (P > 0.05) compared with controls. There was no difference in the OCTA variables between AD and MCI (P > 0.05). Perfusion density of large vessels and FAZ area did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions and relevance: Eyes of patients with AD have significantly reduced macular VD in both plexuses whereas MCI participants only showed reduction in the superficial plexus. Changes in the retinal microvasculature and capillary network may mirror small vessel cerebrovascular changes in AD.

scholarly journals Disruption of gray matter microstructure in Alzheimer’s disease continuum using fiber orientation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lee ◽  
Hang-Rai Kim ◽  
Yong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract There have been several MR imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for early diagnosis. Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) is one of them for the study of the cortical microstructural change in AD. However, several factors may overshadow the feasibility of MD as AD biomarker. Thus, current study investigated feasible gray matter microstructure biomarker with higher sensitivity for early AD detection. With the aim of facilitating the early detection of AD, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) proposed two stages based on the memory performance: early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI). We propose single shell DTI measure, ‘ radiality ’, for early AD biomarker. It is a dot product between cortical surface normal vector and primary diffusion direction, which presumably reflects the fiber orientation within the cortical column. Here, we gathered images from ADNI phase 2 & 3; 78 cognitive normal, 51 EMCI, 34 LMCI, and 39 AD patients. Then, we evaluated cortical thickness (CTh), MD, amount of amyloid and tau accumulations using PET, which are conventional AD biomarkers. Radiality was projected on gray matter surface to compare and validate the changes along other neuroimage biomarkers. Results showed decreased radiality primarily in entorhinal, insula, frontal and temporal cortex as disease progress onward. Especially, radiality could delineate the difference between cognitive normal and EMCI group while other biomarkers could not. We looked into the relationship between the radiality and other biomarkers to validate its pathological evidence in AD. Overall, radiality showed high association with conventional biomarkers. Additional ROI analysis exhibit dynamics of AD related changes as stages onward. In conclusion, radiality in cortical gray matter showed AD specific changes and relevance with other conventional AD biomarkers with higher sensitivity. Besides, it could show group differences in early AD changes from EMCI which show advantage for early diagnosis than using conventional biomarkers. We provide the evidence of structure changes with cognitive impairment and suggest radiality as a sensitive biomarker for early diagnose and progress monitor AD.

A-7 Discriminating between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease on the MoCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Taylor McDonald ◽  
Craig D Marker ◽  
Lauren Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Objective The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a suitable, sensitive, and specific cognitive screener for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous research has found markers to discriminate between MCI and Alzheimer’s disease (ad) on MoCA subtest scores. Specifically, impaired performance on the clock drawing (i.e., number and hand placement), rhino naming, serial 7’s, word recall, and orientation were suggestive of ad. The aim of the present study is to assess for discrimination patterns in MoCA performance between MCI and ad.Method: Data was collected through the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). A sample of MCI (n = 1143; 51% female, 82% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian/Pacific Islander) and ad groups (n = 1339; 56% female, 89% White, 9% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander) were examined. Results An initial independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in MoCA scores for MCI (M = 22.01, SD = 3.49) and ad (M = 14.46, SD = 6.05; t(2480) = 38.72, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 1.53). Additional t-tests were performed to compare MoCA subtest scores and domain scores for diagnostic groups. There was a statistically significant difference for MCI and ad groups across all MoCA subtests and domains. Despite no discrimination in profiles noted on t-tests, further examination using normal distribution revealed worse performance on trails, clock hands, serial 7’s, repetition, fluency, date, and place in ad groups. Conclusions Consistent with previous findings, clock hands, serial 7’s, and orientation were able to discriminate between ad and MCI. This study found further discrimination in trails, repetition, and fluency. These findings may allow for clinicians to use these patterns of performance as early cognitive markers of impairment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document