scholarly journals Repeat Western Blot Testing After Receiving an HIV Diagnosis and Its Association with Engagement in Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A Duffus ◽  
Kristina W Kintziger ◽  
James D Heffelfinger ◽  
Kevin P Delaney ◽  
Terri Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Confirmatory Testing ◽  
Hiv Care Engagement ◽  
Western Blot Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially unnecessary repeat confirmatory testing after initial HIV diagnosis and the relationship of repeat testing to medical care engagement. Design: South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance data for 12,504 individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection between January 1997 and December 2008 were used for this analysis. State law requires that all positive Western blot [WB] results be reported regardless of frequency. Methods: HIV-infected persons, diagnosed from 1997-2008 and followed through 2009, with repeat positive WB results were compared to those who did not have repeat positive WB results. We defined repeat positive testing as documentation of one or more positive WB obtained ≥90 days following initial WB confirmatory result. HIV care engagement for the period from 2007-2009 was assessed by documentation of CD4+ T-cell/viral load reports to the South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance system during each six-month period of a calendar year for those individuals diagnosed prior to the assessment period and still alive at the end. Relative risk [RR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] and multivariable general linear models were used to assess if any covariates of interest were independently associated with repeat positive confirmatory testing. Results:A total of 4,237 [34%] of 12,504 HIV-infected individuals had results of repeat positive WB testing reported to the surveillance system during 1997-2008. Persons who had repeat positive WB testing were more likely than persons who did not have repeat WB testing to have progressed to AIDS >1 year following diagnosis [RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.61, 1.80] and to be consistently in care [RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.47] or have sporadic care [RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.68, 1.94]. Discussion:Having repeat positive WB tests may be a marker of engaging HIV care. However, given the limited resources available for care, it is important that healthcare reform policy and clinical recommendations promote improvements in communications about previous test results.

scholarly journals HIV Infection-Related Care Outcomes among U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-Born Blacks with Diagnosed HIV in 40 U.S. Areas: The National HIV Surveillance System, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Demeke ◽  
Anna Johnson ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Zanetta Gant ◽  
Wayne Duffus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Care Outcomes

HIV care outcomes must be improved to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and health disparities. HIV infection-related care outcome measures were examined for U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born black persons aged ≥13 years by using National HIV Surveillance System data from 40 U.S. areas. These measures include late-stage HIV diagnosis, timing of linkage to medical care after HIV diagnosis, retention in care, and viral suppression. Ninety-five percent of non-U.S.-born blacks had been born in Africa or the Caribbean. Compared with U.S.-born blacks, higher percentages of non-U.S.-born blacks with HIV infection diagnosed during 2016 received a late-stage diagnoses (28.3% versus 19.1%) and were linked to care in ≤1 month after HIV infection diagnosis (76.8% versus 71.3%). Among persons with HIV diagnosed in 2014 and who were alive at year-end 2015, a higher percentage of non-U.S.-born blacks were retained in care (67.8% versus 61.1%) and achieved viral suppression (68.7% versus 57.8%). Care outcomes varied between African- and Caribbean-born blacks. Non-U.S.-born blacks achieved higher care outcomes than U.S.-born blacks, despite delayed entry to care. Possible explanations include a late-stage presentation that requires immediate linkage and optimal treatment and care provided through government-funded programs.

scholarly journals Patterns of engagement in HIV care during pregnancy and breastfeeding: findings from a cohort study in North-Eastern South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Etoori ◽  
Brian Rice ◽  
Georges Reniers ◽  
Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive ◽  
Jenny Renju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Hiv Care Engagement ◽  
Engagement In Hiv Care

Abstract Background Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in sub-Saharan Africa is hindered by limited understanding of HIV-testing and HIV-care engagement among pregnant and breastfeeding women. Methods We investigated HIV-testing and HIV-care engagement during pregnancy and breastfeeding from 2014 to 2018 in the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). We linked HIV patient clinic records to HDSS pregnancy data. We modelled time to a first recorded HIV-diagnosis following conception, and time to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation following diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier methods. We performed sequence and cluster analyses for all pregnancies linked to HIV-related clinic data to categorise MTCT risk period engagement patterns and identified factors associated with different engagement patterns using logistic regression. We determined factors associated with ART resumption for women who were lost to follow-up (LTFU) using Cox regression. Results Since 2014, 15% of 10,735 pregnancies were recorded as occurring to previously (51%) or newly (49%) HIV-diagnosed women. New diagnoses increased until 2016 and then declined. We identified four MTCT risk period engagement patterns (i) early ART/stable care (51.9%), (ii) early ART/unstable care (34.1%), (iii) late ART initiators (7.6%), and (iv) postnatal seroconversion/early, stable ART (6.4%). Year of delivery, mother’s age, marital status, and baseline CD4 were associated with these patterns. A new pregnancy increased the likelihood of treatment resumption following LTFU. Conclusion Almost half of all pregnant women did not have optimal ART coverage during the MTCT risk period. Programmes need to focus on improving retention, and leveraging new pregnancies to re-engage HIV-positive women on ART.

scholarly journals Effect of the US National HIV/AIDS Strategy targets for improved HIV care engagement: a modelling study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e140-e146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maunank Shah ◽  
Allison Perry ◽  
Kathryn Risher ◽  
Sunaina Kapoor ◽  
Jeremy Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hiv Care Engagement ◽  
Modelling Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Dukungan sosial dan kualitas hidup orang dengan HIV/AIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Mardia Mardia ◽  
Riris Andono Ahmad ◽  
Bambang Sigit Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS based on the criteria for diagnosis and other factors.Methods: This study was conducted in the VCT clinic hospital of Dr. Moewardi. The population was HIV-positive patients with antiretroviral therapy. Data collection conducted through medical records and interview to patients. Results: Out of a total of 89 respondents, 66.29% were males and 71.91% were aged between 26-45 years. We found significant correlations for diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, opportunistic infections, time since HIV diagnosis, duration of ARV therapy, social support, modes of transport, sex, age, and marital status with the quality of life. Multivariate analysis obtained by each variable showed the strongest association with the quality of life was time since diagnosis, social support and duration of ARV therapy. Conclusion: The quality of life was better for those who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS ≥ 32 months, with social support, and who have been undergoing antiretroviral therapy ≥ 29 months. Improved counseling in the early days of ARV therapy is necessary to always maintain the treatment and provide support for their social life.

scholarly journals Timing of HIV diagnosis relative to pregnancy and postpartum HIV care continuum outcomes among Latin American women, 2000 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel T Yohannes ◽  
Cathy A Jenkins ◽  
Kate Clouse ◽  
Claudia P Cortés ◽  
Fernando Mejía Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Care Continuum ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
American Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

scholarly journals Attrition in HIV care following HIV diagnosis: a comparison of the pre‐UTT and UTT eras in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Onoya ◽  
Cheryl Hendrickson ◽  
Tembeka Sineke ◽  
Mhairi Maskew ◽  
Lawrence Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis

scholarly journals Who Is Not Linking to HIV Care in Tennessee — the Benefits of an Intersectional Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Pierce ◽  
Peter Rebeiro ◽  
Meredith Brantley ◽  
Errol L. Fields ◽  
Cathy A. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linkage To Hiv Care

Abstract Introduction Guided by an intersectional approach, we assessed the association between social categories (individual and combined) on time to linkage to HIV care in Tennessee. Methods Tennessee residents diagnosed with HIV from 2012-2016 were included in the analysis (n=3750). Linkage was defined by the first CD4 or HIV RNA test date after HIV diagnosis. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association of time to linkage with individual-level variables. We modeled interactions between race, age, gender, and HIV acquisition risk factor (RF), to understand how these variables jointly influence linkage to care. Results Age, race, and gender/RF weAima A. Ahonkhaire strong individual (p < 0.001 for each) and joint predictors of time to linkage to HIV care (p < 0.001 for interaction). Older individuals were more likely to link to care (aHR comparing 40 vs. 30 years, 1.20, 95%CI 1.11-1.29). Blacks were less likely to link to care than Whites (aHR= 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67-0.79). Men who have sex with men (MSM) (aHR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03-1.34) and heterosexually active females (females) (aHR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.14-1.53) were more likely to link to care than heterosexually active males. The three-way interaction between age, race, and gender/RF showed that Black males overall and young, heterosexually active Black males in particular were least likely to establish care. Conclusions Racial disparities persist in establishing HIV care in Tennessee, but data highlighting the combined influence of age, race, gender, and sexual orientation suggest that heterosexually active Black males should be an important focus of targeted interventions for linkage to HIV care.

Western Blot Testing among Zimbabwean HIV Patients

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
J.C. Emmanuel ◽  
H.J. Smith ◽  
L.E. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Western Blot Testing
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