Global trade and health: an Indonesian perspective on the asean medical device directive policy

Purpose: Health care equipment international trade could serve a new strategic revenue for Indonesia. Since its implementation in 2015, AFTA has been a very strategic issue in creating export opportunities for its member countries. One of the sectors that becomes a priority for ASEAN integration is in the field of medical devices which is regulated in the ASEAN Medical Device Directive (AMDD) policy. Indonesia itself has officially ratified AMDD policy since 2018, but Indonesia will have been facing the problem of quality, innovation and diversification of medical devices. This study examines the competitiveness opportunities for domestic medical devices in ASEAN Free Trade Area. Method: This study used a qualitative method where information was obtained from in-depth interviews and document review. The informants came from policy makers, implementing officers, and stakeholders. Results: Indonesia has harmonized 26 out of 31 standards mandated by AMDD. Conformity assessment bodies in Indonesia that have been certified by the National Accreditation Committee have received international recognition. Indonesia has many potential exporting innovative medical devices to ASEAN countries. Fulfillment of medical devices is carried out through compulsory licensing and parallel import mechanism.

Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia

Purpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p <0.05)] regarding the level of anxiety was reported higher among female students (M=7.80; SD=4.6) than male students (M=7.03; SD=4.7) and no significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.173; p> 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population.

Covid-19 risk factors and health protocol compliance among mall employees and officers in Yogyakarta

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze risk factors, compliance with health protocols, and the COVID-19 screening test among mall employees at Yogyakarta city, Indonesia.Methods: We analyzed secondary data from a cross-sectional study in Yogyakarta City from May-August 2020. The population was all employees at all malls in Yogyakarta City who participated in the screening rapid test zero survey conducted by the Yogyakarta City Government. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between ensuring proper mask install (OR = 6.33, p = 0.023, 95% CI = 1.03-38.81), applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside home (OR = 27.34, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 3.01-248.32) and applying a minimum distance of > 1 meter when at work (OR = 22.25, p = 0.003, 95% CI = 2,45-201.65) with the reactive COVID-19 results. Multivariate analysis showed the most dominant variable associated with the reactive rapid test results is not keeping a minimum distance of > 1 meter when outside the house with a value of (OR=11.91, p=0.047, 95% CI = 1.03-137.37). Conclusion: The risk factor for Covid-19 for employees and mall staff is physical distancing > 1 meter when outside the house. The city administration should keep working with mall managers to tighten health protocols in malls and other public areas to prevent Covid-19 transmission.

Determinan Perilaku Merokok Keluarga Penerima Manfaat PKH di Kecamatan Kembangan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2019

Purpose: Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a strategic government program that wants to help the poor meet their health needs. However, there are still PKH beneficiaries who do not understand the health mission of this program. This study intends to explore smoking behavior among PKH families beneficiaries and whether program providers pay attention to promoting healthy living for their beneficiaries. Method: This study uses primary data with cross-sectional design and multiple logistic regression. The number of samples analyzed was 379 households in the Kembangan Region of West Jakarta. Results: Eighty-two percent of PKH recipients were smokers. The four variables related to smoking are low education, low income, smoking psychological dependence, and socially motivated smoking. The psychological and social factors of smoking were among strong predictors and deserve attention in the PKH program. Conclusion: The long-term goal of PKH is to improve the health quality. Smoking reduces the health quality of PKH beneficiaries. The Ministry of Social Affairs needs to coordinate with the Ministry of Health to make this program an entry point for the movement of healthy living in PKH recipient families.

Preparing new normal: the health literacy assessment on the Covid-19

Purpose: This study was aimed to assess the health literacy of the COVID-19 for both of the knowledge level on the Covid-19 and the health protocol compliance by the medical and the non-medical student. Method: This rapid action research was conducted from July-August 2020. Respondents were Indonesian students who voluntarily fulfilled the online questionnaire. A total 208 respondents participated in this study (104 students for each group). Data analysis was performed by using chi square. Furthermore, an animation video was developed and published through Instagram TV as the follow up assessment. Results: The result showed that the medical students had better knowledge (41.8% vs 33.2%, p-value=0.000) and health protocol compliance (6.3% vs 2.4%, p-value=0.049) than the non-medical students. The lowest compliance towards health protocol of the both groups was the physical distancing. Moreover, the health education regarding physical distancing by using animation video had reached audiences. According to the audiences’ comments, the video made them aware of the importance of physical distancing. Conclusion: It was important to improve health literacy for preparing new normal, and it should be developed based on the need assessment.

Physical environments of water containers and Aedes sp larvae in dengue endemic areas of Tanjungpinang Timur District

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship of the container environment's type and condition to the existence of Aedes sp larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District. Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional approach involved 401 houses with containers in Tanjungpinang Timur District, Tanjungpinang City. Data on the existence of larvae was performed using the single larvae method. Data on container type and container environmental conditions (water pH, water temperature, air temperature, air humidity) and larvae's presence were collected by observing and measuring. Results: 863 containers were observed, 138 of them (15.99%) were found larvae of Aedes sp, containers inside the house (65.57%), and not closed (88.53%). The types of containers were controllable sites (95.13%), disposable sites (3.36%), and under controllable sites (1.51%). The measurement of water pH (76.13%) and water temperature (82.73%) of the containers were categorized as good. Container temperature 98.38% showed results with a range of unfavorable conditions (<200C &> 300C) and air humidity of 99.07% with a range (<81.5% &> 89.5%). Type, location, condition of container closure, water pH, water temperature, and air temperature of containers were related to larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District (p-value <0.05), while the variable humidity was not related to the existence of larvae. Conclusion: Physical environmental factors strongly support the reproduction of DHF vectors in the East Tanjungpinang District. It is necessary to increase public knowledge and routine home eradication of mosquito nests (PSN), especially controllable site containers widely used as water reservoirs.

Hazard identification, risk assesment and risk control serta penerapan risk mapping pada rumah sakit hewan Prof. Soeparwi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hazard identification, risk assesment and risk control and the application of risk mapping at Hospital of the Animal Prof. Soeparwi Universitas Gadjah Mada Purpose: This research was held to analyze the work accident using HIRARC method and the applied of Risk Mapping at the hospital of the animal of Prof. Soeparwi Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.Method: This research used descriptive qualitative research method. The qualitative method used to describe the condition, assess, and to recognize the work accident analysis. The data used was grabbed from Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) method and questionnaire.Results: Hazard identification used HIRARC method at the hospital of the animal of Prof. Soeparwi Gadjah Mada University was about 198. The work hazard commonly includes physical hazard, chemistry, biologist, ergonomics, and psychosocial. The risk assessment which held denoted that there were 61 low risks, 108 medium risks, and 15 high risks. The recommendations of risk restraint that can be given were technician control, administrative, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).Conclusion: HIRARC method had been applied at the hospital of animal of Prof. Soeparwi with the result to that grooming unit was high risk work place, assessed with risk mapping. The risk was from animal contact phisically.