Temporal trends in the physical fitness of Hong Kong adolescents between 1998 and 2015

Low physical fitness in adolescence is linked with increased cardiometabolic risk and early all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in the physical fitness of Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–17 years between 1998 and 2015. Physical fitness (9-min run/walk, sit-ups, push-ups, and sit-and-reach) and body size data in a total of 28,059 adolescents tested across five population-representative surveys of Hong Kong secondary school pupils, were reported. Temporal trends in means were estimated at the gender-age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear regression, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Overall, there were small declines in 9-min run/walk (effect size (ES) = 0.29 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.26)) and sit-ups performance (ES = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.21)), with negligible changes in push-ups and sit-and-reach performance. There were small concurrent increases in both mean height and body mass, with a negligible increase in sum of skinfolds. Trends in mean physical fitness and body size/ were not always uniform across the population distribution. The small declines in mean 9-min run/walk and sit-ups performance for Hong Kong adolescents are suggestive of corresponding declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal/core endurance, respectively. Increased national health promotion strategies are required to improve existing fitness trends.

Does social influence affect COVID-19 vaccination intention among the unvaccinated?

Conformist social influence is a double-edged sword when it comes to vaccine promotion. On the one hand, social influence may increase vaccine uptake by reassuring the hesitant about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine; on the other, people may forgo the cost of vaccination when the majority is already vaccinated – giving rise to a public goods dilemma. Here, we examine whether available information on the percentage of double-vaccinated people affects COVID-19 vaccination intention among unvaccinated people in Turkey. In an online experiment, we divided participants (n = 1013) into low, intermediate, and high social influence conditions, reflecting the government’s vaccine promotion messages. We found that social influence did not predict COVID-19 vaccination intention, but psychological reactance and collectivism did. People with higher reactance (intolerance of others telling one what to do and being sceptical of consensus views) had lower vaccination intention, whilst people with higher collectivism (how much a person considers group benefits over individual success) had higher vaccination intention. Our findings suggest that advertising the percentage of double-vaccinated people is not sufficient to trigger a cascade of others getting themselves vaccinated. Diverse promotion strategies reflecting the heterogeneity of individual attitudes could be more effective.

Ending Health Promotion Lethargy

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by a deficit of thyroid hormones that leads to a low metabolic rate, typically associated with lethargy. The causes are diverse and may vary from congenital defects and autoimmune disorders to iodine deficiency, the latter being easily preventable with the appropriate strategies. For this chapter, the authors documented a social media awareness campaign via Instagram, whose purpose was to do popular science about hypothyroidism's symptoms to promote early detection and prevention. This campaign took place from October to November 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The campaign consisted of informative posts and engaged the audience via questionnaires through Instagram stories. Lastly, an online questionnaire was shared to assess the gained knowledge of the viewers and evaluate the campaign's efficacy. The social media awareness campaign showed to be a feasible way to educate the community, enabling efficient health promotion strategies through digital platforms.

Cross-cultural perspective on sustainable consumption: implications for consumer motivations and promotion

Firms in the past have based their marketing and promotion strategies on the assumption of infinite resources and zero environmental impact. With the growing importance of environmental costs associated with finite resources, firms need to revisit their marketing and promotion strategies. This study defines and conceptualizes horizontal/vertical individualism–collectivism (H/V I-C) cultural value orientations as antecedents of sustainable consumption. Drawing on H/V I-C value orientations, this study attempts to build a sustainable consumption model to better understand how horizontal/vertical individualism–collectivism cultural values are reflected in consumers’ sustainable consumption motives and how they can be translated into persuasive advertising appeals tailored to specific cultural segments. This study contributes to provide new theoretical and managerial insights into understanding culturally relevant sustainable consumption motives and to establish appropriate strategies of sustainable consumption promotion in cross-cultural contexts. Most importantly, this study provides implications to companies for balancing more carefully their growth goals with the need to pursue sustainability across different cultures.

Analysis of the Employment Status and Promotion Strategies of College Students Under the Background of the New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic

Employment is a project for people’s livelihood. Effective youth employment, with an emphasis on college graduates, is linked to the development of young talents and the long-term stability of college graduates. This article examines the current employment status and problems of college graduates, particularly the post-epidemic employment dilemma, and summarizes the relevant strategies for promoting college employment as the epidemic normalizes, in order to better address the problems of graduates’ employment difficulties.

Adults’ Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine for Children in Selected Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Since emergency approval of COVID-19 vaccines for children aged between 12 and 15 years old was recently obtained in the United States and Europe, we aimed to assess the willingness to vaccinate children with a COVID-19 vaccine in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, we launched an online cross-sectional survey in several LMICs. Questions relating to socio-demographic information, knowledge of COVID-19, level of fear/worry of being infected with COVID-19, and willingness to vaccinate children with the COVID-19 vaccine at 50%, 75% and 95% effectiveness levels, were asked. Of the 6571 participants (mean age = 39 ± 14 years), 64.0%, 72.6%, and 92.9% were willing to vaccinate children at 50%, 75%, and 95% effectiveness levels, respectively. Respondents who were undergraduates, who were more worried/fearful about COVID-19, had higher knowledge scores regarding COVID-19, and a higher belief that COVID-19 vaccination is important to protect others, were more willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination of children. COVID-19 vaccination of children will limit the spread of the virus, especially in schools; it may decrease the need for school closures which has a negative effect on child development. Findings from this study are useful for health promotion strategies during COVID-19 vaccination implementation among children in LMICs.

The Role of Southeast Sulawesi PPPKMI in Strengthening Health Promotion Strategies As a Covid-19 Response Effort

Covid-19 is now one world pandemic and efforts health promotion strategies have a very large role to prevent the spread of Covid-19. PPPKMI is a professional organization of health promotion workers who play an important role in strengthening health promotion strategies in Southeast Sulawesi in efforts to overcome Covid-19 . The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Southeast Sulawesi PPPKMI professional organization in strengthening health promotion strategies as an effort to overcome Covid-19. This type of study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach using data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews, tracing documents and processed by content analysis. Research informants are PPPKMI administrators, PPPKMI partners, and health promotion workers under the PPPKMI professional organization. According to the results of the study, it was found that the empowerment activities carried out by PPPKMI consisted of self-efficacy and health literacy. Atmosphere Development, consisting of appraisal support, tangiable support, self-esteem support. Advocacy is carried out by providing recommendations to local governments with various prevention recommendations so that this pandemic does not spread further. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is PPPKMI professional organization in strengthening health promotion strategies as a Covid-19 response effort in Southeast Sulawesi in 2021 is carried out using three ways, namely empowerment activities, atmosphere building activities and advocacy activities. All activities are carried out by PPPKMI According to important tasks and goals of activity according to the established laws.

Costly Signals?

Developed states increasingly turned to democracy assistance strategies as the Cold War came to an end. A number of recent studies conclude that such aid positively affected democratization in recipients. But, like foreign aid, democracy assistance allocations are subject to change, sometimes dramatically. In foreign aid, sudden, sizable reductions – or aid shocks (e.g., Nielsen et al. 2011) – can have severe consequences, precipitating conflict in the recipient state. How do democracy aid shocks affect recipient states? This analysis examines the effects of sudden withdrawals of democracy aid – or democracy aid shocks – by the U.S. on recipient regime behavior, specifically, their treatment of citizens and civil society groups. We argue that democracy aid shocks trigger repressive action by recipients resulting in harmful human rights practices by the regime. Examining U.S. democracy aid to the developing world from 1982-2013, we find that, after controlling for other relevant factors likely to affect the human rights practices of a regime, democracy aid shocks are associated with subsequent repression of human rights in the recipient state. Our analysis thus sheds light on an external factor affecting human rights practices within states, as well as an important element of the consequences of democracy aid decisions. We conclude by assessing the implications for democracy promotion strategies and human rights behavior.

Pricing and promotion: A literature review

This article intends to carry out a systematic review of the literature on pricing and promotion, as variables that impact profitability in organizations. To achieve this purpose, a systematic review was performed upon the most relevant academic journals (according to Scimago and Country Rank), for the period between 2018 and 2020. The article puts into evidence the correlation between pricing and promotion, as well as the different price-promotion tactics employed by organizations (including coupons, free samples, loyalty programs, discounts and cross selling, among other practices). An array of external factors was also found that affected pricing and promotion performance, making the study more complex. Therefore, despite the correlation existing between the variables at issue, it can be concluded that the success of a price-promotion strategy does not depend exclusively upon itself, but that the results of a monetary discount can be affected by multiple environmental phenomena. Finally, the text concludes with a presentation of certain endogenous factors that can impact the results of price-promotion strategies.