Design and Analysis of X-OR Gate and 4-Bit Binary to 4-Bit Gray and Gray to Binary Code Converter Using Dual Control Dual SOA TOAD (DCDS-TOAD)

Background: In this paper we have design and analyzed 4-bit binary to 4-bit gray code and 4-bit gray to 4-bit gray code converter using dual control dual semiconductor optical amplifier terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (DCDS-TOAD). We used control pulse as a Soliton pulse train. We calculate the extinction ratio, contrast ratio and Q value and found very high values. The high values of E.R., C.R. and Q value distinguishes the high (‘1’) level to the low(‘0’) very clearly also shown the variation of E.R., C.R. and Q value with control pulse energy and amplified spontaneous emission power factor. Methods: The basic equations governing the TOAD performance is simulated using MATLAB. The extinction ratio, contrast ratio and Q value are calculated for analysis of the device. Results: Results of operation for the code converters are performed at a bit rate of 100Gbps. The structure of DCDSTOAD enable us to achieve high values of ER(~ 81dB), CR(~83dB) and Q factor (86dB). A high Q factor shows very low bit error rate (BER). The eye diagram shows a large eye opening (REOP~98.5%). Conclusion: Design and analyzed 4-bit binary to 4-bit gray code and 4-bit gray to 4-bit gray code converter using dual control dual semiconductor optical amplifier terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (DCDS-TOAD) is proposed and analyzed. We used control pulse as a Soliton pulse train. The proposed X-OR gate finds applications in many devices.

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Polarization rotation-based all-optical AND gate using single semiconductor optical amplifier and implementation of a majority gate

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2020-0303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ashif Raja ◽

Kousik Mukherjee ◽

Jitendra Nath Roy

Keyword(s):

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽

Extinction Ratio ◽

Contrast Ratio ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

Majority Voting ◽

Polarization Rotation ◽

All Optical ◽

Eye Opening ◽

Amplified Spontaneous Emission Noise ◽

Quality Factor Q

Abstract Semiconductor optical amplifier-based polarization rotation is utilized in designing all-optical AND gate at 100 Gbps. The AND gate shows high extinction ratio (ER ∼ 15 dB), contrast ratio (CR ∼ 18 dB) and quality factor (Q-factor ∼ 16 dB). The effect of the amplified spontaneous emission noise on the performances is also investigated. The AND gate has relative eye opening (REO) varying from 93.52 to 97.1% for 10–30 dB unsaturated gain. Using the AND gate a majority voting gate is designed and analyzed and has Q ∼ 11.7 dB with REO ∼ 91%.

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Design and simulation of optical Ex-OR gate and binary to gray code converter using semiconductor optical amplifier

2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical Electronics & Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES) ◽

10.1109/iceteeses.2016.7581399 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Babita Singh ◽

Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽

Som Pal Gangwar

Keyword(s):

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽

Gray Code ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

Code Converter ◽

Or Gate

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Investigations with All-Optical Binary to Gray Code Converter at 50 Gbps Data Rate

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2017-0168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 125-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Devendra Kr. Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽

Optical Computing ◽

Pump Current ◽

Gray Code ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

Data Rate ◽

Active Length ◽

Code Converter ◽

Performance Metric ◽

Outcome Evaluations

AbstractThis article proposed an all-digital code converter schematic. It converts input binary code into gray code output with an operating data rate of 50 Gbps. The design is based on exploiting nonlinear attributes with semiconductor optical amplifier, which is otherwise contemplated as cons if utilized as an amplifier. It is realized with a semiconductor optical amplifier placed symmetrically with both arms of Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and phase modulation occurs amid wings of the Mach–Zehnder structure. Accordingly, numerical simulations have been executed for the applied data inputs. Consequent gray code output patterns have been verified that resemble with theoretical digital logical outcome. Evaluations with design have illustrated impressive optical performance metric extinction factor beyond 10 dB for the imperative constituents and constraints, with semiconductor optical amplifier confine factor beyond 0.3, pump current of 0.4 A, active length of 0.05 mm, and with modulator chirp factor and on–off ratio beyond 0.5 and 10 dB, respectively. Accordingly, this investigation could be an assist for the impending optical computing complex networks for the contemporary digital globe, requiring code conversion as one of the imperative practices.

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Frequency Encoded All Optical Tri-state Logic Gates NOT and NAND Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based Interferometric Switches

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681209666190620110027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 369-380

Author(s):

K. Maji ◽

K. Mukherjee ◽

A. Raja

Keyword(s):

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽

Extinction Ratio ◽

Optical Power ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

All Optical ◽

State Frequency ◽

Spontaneous Noise ◽

First Time ◽

Practical Feasibility

All optical tri-state frequency encoded logic gates NOT and NAND are proposed and numerically investigated using TOAD based interferometric switch for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The optical power spectrum, extinction ratio, contrast ration, and amplified spontaneous noise are calculated to analyze and confirm practical feasibility of the gates. The proposed device works for low switching energy and has high contrast and extinction ratio as indicated in this work.

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Comparative study of all-optical INVERTER and BUFFER gates using MZI structure

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2020-0143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Pallavi Singh ◽

Ashutosh Kumar Singh ◽

Vanya Arun ◽

Devendra K Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Extinction Ratio ◽

Low Complexity ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

Destructive Interference ◽

Eye Diagram ◽

Pump And Probe ◽

All Optical ◽

High Scalability ◽

Comparative Results ◽

Optical Gates

AbstractIn the paper, one input optical gates i.e., INVERTER and BUFFER have been designed using some basic assumption to analyze with the help of Semi-conductor Optical Amplifier based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer structure. The results are optimized by iterative process. The proposed design of optical gates presents low complexity, high scalability and more feasible to evaluate through digital Boolean analyzation. The digital Boolean analyzation is analyzed by some basic Boolean rules and assumptions which makes the design more digital so that it can be compatible for more than one input optical gates also. Optical Gate is designed to get constructive and destructive interference for pump and probe as they are injected into SOA simultaneously. The phase modulation is converted into intensity modulation which gives a Boolean result. The paper is optimized by Eye diagram, Q factor, wavelength spectrum and frequency chirp for both the gates. The comparative results of extinction ratio for both the gates have also been discussed. The design is supported by theoretical analysis, simulation tool (Optsim) and Boolean explanation. The proposed designs are constructed with same pattern which supports the same Boolean analysis.

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Implementation of Orthogonal Codes Using MZI

Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.2174/1876402912666200211121624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 159-167

Author(s):

Supriti Samanta ◽

Goutam K. Maity ◽

Subhadipta Mukhopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Hadamard Matrix ◽

Extinction Ratio ◽

Optical Amplifier ◽

Zehnder Interferometer ◽

Nonlinear Phase ◽

Orthogonal Codes ◽

Hadamard Codes ◽

Code Division Multiple ◽

And Control ◽

Mach Zehnder Interferometer

Background: In Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)/Multi-Carrier CDMA (MCCDMA), Walsh-Hadamard codes are widely used for its orthogonal characteristics, and hence, it leads to good contextual connection property. These orthogonal codes are important because of their various significant applications. Objective: To use the Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) for all-optical Walsh-Hadamard codes is implemented in this present paper. Method: The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is considered for the Tree architecture of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). The second-ordered Hadamard and the inverse Hadamard matrix are constructed using SOA-MZIs. Higher-order Hadamard matrix (H4) formed by the process of Kronecker product with lower-order Hadamard matrix (H2) is also analyzed and constructed. Results: To experimentally get the result from these schemes, some design issues e,g Time delay, nonlinear phase modulation, extinction ratio, and synchronization of signals are the important issues. Lasers of wavelength 1552 nm and 1534 nm can be used as input and control signals, respectively. As the whole system is digital, intensity losses due to couplers in the interconnecting stage may not create many problems in producing the desired optical bits at the output. The simulation results were obtained by Matlab-9. Here, Hadamard H2 (2×2) matrix output beam intensity (I ≈ 108 w.m-2) for different values of inputs. Conclusion: Implementation of Walsh-Hadamard codes using MZI is explored in this paper, and experimental results show the better performance of the proposed scheme compared to recently reported methods using electronic circuits regarding the issues of versatility, reconfigurability, and compactness. The design can be used and extended for diverse applications for which Walsh-Hadamard codes are required.

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